Genetic and Molecular Bases of Rice Yield

Xing, Yongzhong; Zhang, Qifa

doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112209

Cited by 786 publications

(584 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, an important cause of rice yield reduction is defective panicle development (Xing and Zhang, 2010). Understanding the mechanism of panicle development should be helpful to mitigate the crop yield reduction caused by defective panicle development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice TUTOU1 Encodes a Suppressor of cAMP Receptor-Like Protein That Is Important for Actin Organization and Panicle Development

et al. 2015

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Panicle development, a key event in rice (Oryza sativa) reproduction and a critical determinant of grain yield, forms a branched structure containing multiple spikelets. Genetic and environmental factors can perturb panicle development, causing panicles to degenerate and producing characteristic whitish, small spikelets with severely reduced fertility and yield; however, little is known about the molecular basis of the formation of degenerating panicles in rice. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the rice panicle degenerative mutant tutou1 (tut1), which shows severe defects in panicle development. The tut1 also shows a pleiotropic phenotype, characterized by short roots, reduced plant height, and abnormal development of anthers and pollen grains. Molecular genetic studies revealed that TUT1 encodes a suppressor of cAMP receptor/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous (SCAR/WAVE)-like protein. We found that TUT1 contains conserved functional domains found in eukaryotic SCAR/WAVE proteins, and was able to activate Actin-related protein2/3 to promote actin nucleation and polymerization in vitro. Consistently, tut1 mutants show defects in the arrangement of actin filaments in trichome. These results indicate that TUT1 is a functional SCAR/WAVE protein and plays an important role in panicle development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various genetic and environmental factors cause panicle degeneration, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood (Xing and Zhang, 2010). Several quantitative trait loci related to panicle apical spikelet abortion have been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rice TUTOU1 Encodes a Suppressor of cAMP Receptor-Like Protein That Is Important for Actin Organization and Panicle Development

et al. 2015

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“…Grain weight, which is normally characterized by weight of thousand seeds, is one of the major components determining grain yield in rice (Xing and Zhang 2010), besides another component including number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle. It could give information about the density and size of the rice grains.…”

Section: Grain Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield-related traits characterization of local upland rice cultivars originated from East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia

2017

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Abstract. Nurhasanah, Sadaruddin, Sunaryo W. 2017. Yield-related traits characterization of local upland rice cultivars originated from East and North Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 18: 1165-1172. In East and North Kalimantan, rice genetic diversities were very high. Most of the local rice cultivars existed in East and North Kalimantan, are upland rice cultivars. Unfortunately, most of those cultivars have not been optimally studied and characterized for rice breeding purposes. In this study, 146 upland rice cultivars originated from East and North Kalimantan were grown in the field which was further characterized their yield parameters. Tillering capacity, productive tiller, the size and structure of panicle as well as grain characteristics were characterized in the population to select potential superior cultivars. The results showed that the phenotypic variation of tillering capacity in those local upland rice was very high. Tiller number was varied from 2 to 66 tillers, with an average of 20.92 tillers and 25 cultivars had more than 30 tillers. Large range of productive tiller was also observed in the population, ranging from 14.8 to 100% of their tillering capacity, but most of the cultivars (80%) had more than 70% productive tiller. In addition, 9 cultivars had 100% productive tillers, in which all of the tillers generated panicles. Highly significant positive correlation (0.802 ** ) was observed between productive tiller and tillering capacity. The panicle length of the local upland rice cultivars was in range from 14.5 cm to 43.5 cm, with most of the panicle size population clustered in length of 20-30 cm. In addition, 8.2% cultivars had a dense/heavy category, while 22.6% were sparse, and the rest of 70.2% had no panicle secondary branch. Variation of grain characteristics of local upland rice in the East and North Kalimantan including grain weight, grain length and width, as well as length-to-width ratio was also discussed in this study.

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“…In rice, yield per plant is determined by three component traits: number of panicles (tillers) per plant, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight. Extensive genome mapping studies have identified hundreds of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for yield traits (9). Although a number of QTLs for tillering (10), grain number (11,12), grain size (8,(13)(14)(15), and panicle size and plant architecture (16)(17)(18) have been cloned, molecular characterization of these and many more genes is needed to understand the genetic and molecular bases of yield (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Linking differential domain functions of the GS3 protein to natural variation of grain size in rice

Mao¹,

Sun²,

Yao

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Grain yield in many cereal crops is largely determined by grain size. Here we report the genetic and molecular characterization of GS3, a major quantitative trait locus for grain size. It functions as a negative regulator of grain size and organ size. The wild-type isoform is composed of four putative domains: a plant-specific organ size regulation (OSR) domain in the N terminus, a transmembrane domain, a tumor necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR/NGFR) family cysteine-rich domain, and a von Willebrand factor type C (VWFC) in the C terminus. These domains function differentially in grain size regulation. The OSR domain is both necessary and sufficient for functioning as a negative regulator. The wild-type allele corresponds to medium grain. Loss of function of OSR results in long grain. The C-terminal TNFR/NGFR and VWFC domains show an inhibitory effect on the OSR function; loss-offunction mutations of these domains produced very short grain. This study linked the functional domains of the GS3 protein to natural variation of grain size in rice.grain weight | Oryza sativa L. | protein domain | yield I n recent years, genes for grain and fruit sizes have been isolated from several plant species (1-8), providing opportunities for understanding genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating these traits. In rice, yield per plant is determined by three component traits: number of panicles (tillers) per plant, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight. Extensive genome mapping studies have identified hundreds of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for yield traits (9). Although a number of QTLs for tillering (10), grain number (11, 12), grain size (8, 13-15), and panicle size and plant architecture (16-18) have been cloned, molecular characterization of these and many more genes is needed to understand the genetic and molecular bases of yield (9).A major QTL for grain size (GS3) in rice was previously identified on chromosome 3 in a number of studies across different genetic backgrounds and environments (19)(20)(21). Fan et al. (8) identified the candidate gene for GS3. By comparative sequencing analysis, they found a nonsense mutation in the second exon of the putative GS3 shared among all of the large-grain varieties tested in comparison with varieties with smaller grains. This mutation caused a 178-aa truncation in the C terminus of the predicted protein, which was widespread in the global rice germplasm collections (22, 23), indicating that this mutation had an ancient origin and played an important role in grain size variation and domestication of the cultivated rice.Here we report the genetic and molecular analysis of GS3, which revealed several important structural and functional features of the GS3 protein in grain size regulation. ResultsValidation of GS3 on Grain Size Regulation. We validated the effect of GS3 on grain size by transformation. A construct CT9.8 (Fig. S1A), containing a 9.8-kb genomic DNA fragment encompassing GS3 amplified by PCR from rice cultivar Chuan 7 (short grain)...

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Genetic and Molecular Bases of Rice Yield

Cited by 786 publications

References 120 publications

Rice TUTOU1 Encodes a Suppressor of cAMP Receptor-Like Protein That Is Important for Actin Organization and Panicle Development

Rice TUTOU1 Encodes a Suppressor of cAMP Receptor-Like Protein That Is Important for Actin Organization and Panicle Development

Yield-related traits characterization of local upland rice cultivars originated from East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Linking differential domain functions of the GS3 protein to natural variation of grain size in rice

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