Genetic and Linkage Analysis of Purple-blue Flower in Soybean

Takahashi, Ryōsuke; Matsumura, Hisakazu; Oyoo, Maurice E.; Khan, Nisar Ahmad

doi:10.1093/jhered/esn041

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The inconsistency displayed by the molecular markers in drawing phylogenetic relationships might be due to genetic recombination of nuclear molecular markers [64]. Achieving consistent results with high reproducibility, while establishing phylogenetic relationships, is shown to be possible by using chloroplast markers [64, 65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Achieving consistent results with high reproducibility, while establishing phylogenetic relationships, is shown to be possible by using chloroplast markers [64, 65]. The polymorphism pattern exhibited by the hyper variable PS1D region of rice chloroplast [11] could provide insights into maternal origin of aromatic short grain rice landraces of Odisha.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variation is higher in number than reported by Prathepha [66] who could detect only 6 plastid subtypes in Thailand’s upland and low land rice accessions. The C/A repeats of rice PS1D sequence have been studied previously in both wild and landraces [11,55,64,66,67]. Takahashi et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Variation Provides Insights into Population Structure and Multiple Origin of Native Aromatic Rices of Odisha, India

et al. 2016

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A large number of short grain aromatic rice suited to the agro-climatic conditions and local preferences are grown in niche areas of different parts of India and their diversity is evolved over centuries as a result of selection by traditional farmers. Systematic characterization of these specialty rices has not been attempted. An effort was made to characterize 126 aromatic short grain rice landraces, collected from 19 different districts in the State of Odisha, from eastern India. High level of variation for grain quality and agronomic traits among these aromatic rices was observed and genotypes having desirable phenotypic traits like erect flag leaf, thick culm, compact and dense panicles, short plant stature, early duration, superior yield and grain quality traits were identified. A total of 24 SSR markers corresponding to the hyper variable regions of rice chromosomes were used to understand the genetic diversity and to establish the genetic relationship among the aromatic short grain rice landraces at nuclear genome level. SSR analysis of 126 genotypes from Odisha and 10 genotypes from other states revealed 110 alleles with an average of 4.583 and the Nei’s genetic diversity value (He) was in the range of 0.034–0.880 revealing two sub-populations SP 1 (membership percentage-27.1%) and SP 2 (72.9%). At the organelle genomic level for the C/A repeats in PS1D sequence of chloroplasts, eight different plastid sub types and 33 haplotypes were detected. The japonica (Nipponbare) subtype (6C7A) was detected in 100 genotypes followed by O. rufipogon (KF428978) subtype (6C6A) in 13 genotypes while indica (93–11) sub type (8C8A) was seen in 14 genotypes. The tree constructed based on haplotypes suggests that short grain aromatic landraces might have independent origin of these plastid subtypes. Notably a wide range of diversity was observed among these landraces cultivated in different parts confined to the State of Odisha.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Variation Provides Insights into Population Structure and Multiple Origin of Native Aromatic Rices of Odisha, India

et al. 2016

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“…is primarily controlled by six genes ( W1 , W2 , W3 , W4 , Wm and Wp ) [1,2]. Under W1 genotype, soybean genotype with W3W4 has dark purple, W3w4 has dilute purple or purple throat, w3W4 has purple, and w3w4 has near white flowers [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic variation of soybean flower color gene W4 encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase 2

Fan

Rodas

et al. 2014

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundFlower color of soybean is primarily controlled by six genes, viz., W1, W2, W3, W4, Wm and Wp. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic and chemical basis of newly-identified flower color variants including two soybean mutant lines, 222-A-3 (near white flower) and E30-D-1 (light purple flower), a near-isogenic line (Clark-w4), flower color variants (T321 and T369) descended from the w4-mutable line and kw4 (near white flower, Glycine soja).ResultsComplementation tests revealed that the flower color of 222-A-3 and kw4 was controlled by the recessive allele (w4) of the W4 locus encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase 2 (DFR2). In 222-A-3, a single base was deleted in the first exon resulting in a truncated polypeptide consisting of 24 amino acids. In Clark-w4, base substitution of the first nucleotide of the fourth intron abolished the 5′ splice site, resulting in the retention of the intron. The DFR2 gene of kw4 was not expressed. The above results suggest that complete loss-of-function of DFR2 gene leads to near white flowers. Light purple flower of E30-D-1 was controlled by a new allele at the W4 locus, w4-lp. The gene symbol was approved by the Soybean Genetics Committee. In E30-D-1, a single-base substitution changed an amino acid at position 39 from arginine to histidine. Pale flowers of T369 had higher expression levels of the DFR2 gene. These flower petals contained unique dihydroflavonols that have not yet been reported to occur in soybean and G. soja.ConclusionsComplete loss-of-function of DFR2 gene leads to near white flowers. A new allele of the W4 locus, w4-lp regulates light purple flowers. Single amino acid substitution was associated with light purple flowers. Flower petals of T369 had higher levels of DFR2 gene expression and contained unique dihydroflavonols that are absent in soybean and G. soja. Thus, mutants of the DFR2 gene have unique flavonoid compositions and display a wide variety of flower color patterns in soybean, from near white, light purple, dilute purple to pale.

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“…Six genes (I, T, W 1 , R, O, G) primarily control various complex seed coat colours (Omen 1927;Palmer et al 2004) and five genes (W 1 , W 3 , W 4 , W m W p ) control flower colours (Palmer et al 2004). A W 2 gene associates with purple-blue flower (Takahashi et al 2008). The genes T and W 1 has pleiotropic effects; T controls tawny pubescence and T and W 1 also enhance seed coat coloration (Omen 1927;Iwashina et al 2006).…”

Section: Evolution Of Morphological Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation and diversity of phenotypic characters in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) revealed by nuclear SSR markers and the implication for intraspecies phylogenic relationship of characters

Wang

2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Genetic diversity is reduced from wild soybean to cultivars and from landraces to modern varieties. However, intraspecies genetic diversity loss between characters or phenotypes also existed in wild soybean. We revealed the phylogenic relationship of character types in Chinese wild soybean using 42 SSR markers. We conjectured that white flower, no-seed bloom, grey pubescence, and four seed coat colours were evolutionarily acquired phenotypes. There were a small decrease (DH = 0.1-6.46%) of gene diversity and a moderate reduction (DNa = 10.81-53.54%) of number of alleles but a violent loss (80.74-98.59%) of unique alleles in the acquired phenotypes. Our results seemed to suggest that ovoid and elliptic leaves were differentiated at the earliest and subsequently lanceolate leaf appeared before the domestication of soybeans within wild soybean, and that G. gracilis type was another earliest type, maybe emerged since the appearance of soybeans or it was concomitant with the domestication of soybean.

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Genetic and Linkage Analysis of Purple-blue Flower in Soybean

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Variation Provides Insights into Population Structure and Multiple Origin of Native Aromatic Rices of Odisha, India

Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Variation Provides Insights into Population Structure and Multiple Origin of Native Aromatic Rices of Odisha, India

Allelic variation of soybean flower color gene W4 encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase 2

Genetic differentiation and diversity of phenotypic characters in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) revealed by nuclear SSR markers and the implication for intraspecies phylogenic relationship of characters

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