Genetic and flower volatile diversity in two natural populations of Hyssopus officinalis L. in Bulgaria

Abstract

The genetic and flower volatile diversity of 59 plants from two natural populations of Hyssopus officinalis L. situated 73 km away from each other in typical growing regions for this species in Bulgaria were analysed. Analysis with 10 sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations scored a total of 1045 peaks of which 88.7% were polymorphic. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering revealed clear grouping of samples based on their population origin. However, analysis of the genetic differentiation revealed that the two populations (Godech and Izvor) are genetically similar as shown by the low Fst and Gst values as well as by the low Nei's genetic distance and high gene flow (Nm). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of flower extracts from the same individual plants that were used in the genetic diversity analysis identified 32 compounds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on compound abundances revealed two major clusters of samples which did not correspond to their population origin. In depth analysis of the compound abundances showed large variation between the two identified clusters including complete presence/absence of major compounds and the existence of two distinct chemotypes corresponding to the identified clusters. Our results indicate that future efforts towards development of genetic resource collections as well as transition towards field cultivation of this species in Bulgaria should take into account the presence of the two identified chemotypes in natural populations and the factors (both genetic and epigenetic) which determine their existence.

Diversity of 33 Genotypes of Potato Revealed by Simple Sequence Repeats Markers

“…PCoA analysis has been used previously to assess genetic diversity on potato cultivars [34]. The previous study also has obtained the same results between phylogenetic analysis and PCoA analysis [35], [36]. Overall, the UPGMA clustering and PCoA analysis could work together to provide a comprehensive understanding of genetic diversity study of potato.…”

Genetic and Flower Volatile Diversity in Natural Populations of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. in Bulgaria: Toward the Development of a Core Collection

“…PCR reactions for the analysis of SRAP markers were carried out as described earlier by Zagorcheva et al (2020a). The resulting PCR products were diluted in a 1:10 ratio with Type I ultrapure water and used for fragment analysis.…”

“…After vortexing for another 10 min, 1 ml of the resulting extract from each sample was transferred to a 2-ml vial for GC/MS analysis. GC/MS analyses were performed on an Agilent 7890A/5975C GC/MS system as described earlier (Zagorcheva et al, 2020a). The identification of the compounds was performed based on a comparison of their mass spectrum and the RI data with mass spectral library NIST 2008 (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA), the Robert Adams mass spectral library (Adams, 2007), and the literature data.…”

Weather Conditions Influence on Hyssop Essential Oil Quality

“…Except for these four main chemotypes, there are pinocarvone [41,62,63,67,68,73,77], 1,8-cineole [53,58], limonene + methyl eugenol [70,72], linalool [7,9], thymol [55,59], and chemotypes with one accession: α-pinene [49] and methyl acetate [61]. Correlation between these different H. officinalis samples is shown in Figure 3.…”