Genetic- and Fiber-Diet-Mediated Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pig Colon Contents and Feces and Their Driving Factors

Wang, Tao; Luo, Yuheng; Kong, Xiangfeng; Yu, Bing; Zheng, Ping; Huang, Zhiqing; Mao, Xiangbing; Yu, Jie; Luo, Junqiu; Yan, Hui; He, Jun

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102370

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The results showed that high fiber diets significantly reduced the normalized abundance of total VFs in swine feces, and there was no significant difference in the abundance of VFs between breeds ( Figures 6A , C ). Previous laboratory studies have shown that high-fiber diets resulted in a significant reduction in the normalized abundance of the integrase gene intI1 in feces ( 19 ). After examining the amount of SCFAs in feces we found that the high fiber diet significantly elevated the amount of total SCFAs in swine feces, but there were no differences between breeds ( Figure 6B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic- and fiber-diet-mediated changes in virulence factors in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors

Wang,

Luo,

Kong

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Virulence factors (VFs) are key factors for microorganisms to establish defense mechanisms in the host and enhance their pathogenic potential. However, the spectrum of virulence factors in pig colon and feces, as well as the influence of dietary and genetic factors on them, remains unreported. In this study, we firstly revealed the diversity, abundance and distribution characteristics of VFs in the colonic contents of different breeds of pigs (Taoyuan, Xiangcun and Duroc pig) fed with different fiber levels by using a metagenomic analysis. The analysis resulted in the identification of 1,236 virulence factors, which could be grouped into 16 virulence features. Among these, Taoyuan pigs exhibited significantly higher levels of virulence factors compared to Duroc pigs. The high-fiber diet significantly reduced the abundance of certain virulence factor categories, including iron uptake systems (FbpABC, HitABC) and Ig protease categories in the colon, along with a noteworthy decrease in the relative abundance of plasmid categories in mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Further we examined VFs in feces using absolute quantification. The results showed that high-fiber diets reduce fecal excretion of VFs and that this effect is strongly influenced by MGEs and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In vitro fermentation experiments confirmed that acetic acid (AA) led to a decrease in the relative abundance of VFs (p < 0.1). In conclusion, our findings reveal for the first time how fiber diet and genetic factors affect the distribution of VFs in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors. This information provides valuable reference data to further improve food safety and animal health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic- and fiber-diet-mediated changes in virulence factors in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors

Wang,

Luo,

Kong

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Several factors contribute to the spread of ARGs in various environments. Intracellular ARGs (iARGs) are prominent in nutrient-rich environments, while extracellular ARGs (eARGs) are prevalent in aquatic environments [ 64 ]. eARGs can be adsorbed by soil and sediment particles, avoiding DNase degradation and persisting longer than iARGs.…”

Section: Types Of Args In Aquatic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments

Barathan,

Ng,

Lokanathan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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This paper sheds light on the alarming issue of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in aquatic environments, exploring its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health. It examines the multifaceted role of antibiotic use in aquaculture, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste in fostering the development and dissemination of resistant bacteria. The intricate interplay between various environmental factors, horizontal gene transfer, and bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) in accelerating the spread of ABR is comprehensively discussed. Various BEVs carrying resistance genes like blaCTX-M, tetA, floR, and sul/I, as well as their contribution to the dominance of multidrug-resistant bacteria, are highlighted. The potential of BEVs as both a threat and a tool in combating ABR is explored, with promising strategies like targeted antimicrobial delivery systems and probiotic-derived EVs holding significant promise. This paper underscores the urgency of understanding the intricate interplay between BEVs and ABR in aquatic environments. By unraveling these unseen weapons, we pave the way for developing effective strategies to mitigate the spread of ABR, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that includes stringent regulations, enhanced wastewater treatment, and the adoption of sustainable practices in aquaculture.

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Macrogenomes reveal microbial-mediated microplastic degradation pathways in the porcine gut: a hope for solving the environmental challenges of microplastics

Wang,

Luo,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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It is increasingly recognized that microplastics (MPs) are being transmitted through the food chain system, but little is known about the microorganisms involved in MP degradation, functional biodegradation genes, and metabolic pathways of degradation in the intestinal tract of foodborne animals. In this study, we explored the potential flora mainly involved in MP degradation in the intestinal tracts of Taoyuan, Duroc, and Xiangcun pigs by macrogenomics, screened relevant MP degradation genes, and identified key enzymes and their mechanisms. The pig colon was enriched with abundant MP degradation-related genes, and gut microorganisms were their main hosts. The fiber diet did not significantly affect the abundance of MP degradation-related genes but significantly reduced their diversity. We identified a total of 94 functional genes for MP degradation and classified them into 27 categories by substrate type, with polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most predominant degradation types. The MP degradation functional genes were widely distributed in a variety of bacteria, mainly in the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Based on the identified functional genes for MP degradation, we proposed a hypothetical degradation mechanism for the three major MP pollutants, namely, PS, PET, and DEHP, which mainly consist of oxidoreductase, hydrolase, transferase, ligase, laccase, and isomerase. The degradation process involves the breakdown of long polymer chains, the oxidation of short-chain oligomers, the conversion of catechols, and the achievement of complete mineralization. Our findings provide insights into the function of MP degradation genes and their host microorganisms in the porcine colon.

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Genetic- and Fiber-Diet-Mediated Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pig Colon Contents and Feces and Their Driving Factors

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Genetic- and fiber-diet-mediated changes in virulence factors in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors

Genetic- and fiber-diet-mediated changes in virulence factors in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors

Unseen Weapons: Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments

Macrogenomes reveal microbial-mediated microplastic degradation pathways in the porcine gut: a hope for solving the environmental challenges of microplastics

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