Genetic and Conchological Variation in Littorina sitkana Philippi (Mollusca, Gastropoda) on Northern Japanese Coasts

Macrogeographic genetic variability in the Gastropod Mollusk Littorina sitkana from the Northwest Pacific

“…Earlier, we have shown significant differentiation of a L. sitkana population inhabiting a small bay [9]. Nohara [10] has found similar differentiation among 19 populations of this species from the Hokkaido Island. The results of studies of L. sitkana populations from the northeastern Pacific [11] also suggest high spatial differentiation of the species.…”

“…These groups are distinctly seen also on the NMS diagram. The southern Primorye (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and northern Primorye (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) settlements clustered into different groups; the former were genetically closer to the Sakhalin settlements (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and the latter, to the Kuril-Commander ones (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Of interest is the position of the settlement from the Melkovodnaya Bight (20) on the north of the southern Primorye group.…”

Genetic diversity of wild populations of Chlamys farreri in Japan and their genetic relationship with cultured stocks in China

“…Genetic differentiation between populations originating from the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean was also observed in the Japanese scallop (Fujio, 1999) and several gastropods (Hara and Sekino, 2005;Kojima et al, 2004;Nohara, 1999). The different dominant current in the Japan Sea (Tsushima Current) and the southern part of the Pacific Ocean (Kuroshio Current) around the Japanese Islands has been proposed as the main cause of this type of genetic differentiation (Kojima et al, 2004).…”

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis revealed a cryptic species and genetic introgression in Littorina sitkana (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

“…We selected individuals with blackish or purple-brown smooth shells ( Fig. 2a-c), the most common shell forms of L. sitkana on the east coast of Hokkaido (Reid 1996) and identical to Type C in Nohara (1999), described as having a smooth surface without sculptures. The smooth-shelled L. sitkana strongly resemble 4 other Pacific species, L. subrotundata, L. aleutica, L. natica, and L. kasatka (Reid 1996;Reid and Golikov 1991;Reid et al , 1996Zaslavskaya 1995Zaslavskaya , 2006.…”

“…Genetic variation within L. sitkana has been investigated for Russian (Zaslavskaya 1995(Zaslavskaya , 2006Zaslavskaya and Pudovkin 2005), North American (Boulding et al 1993;Kyle and Boulding 2000, Lee and Boulding 2009, Marko et al 2010, and Japanese (Nohara 1999) populations. Zaslavskaya (1995Zaslavskaya ( , 2006 reported 3 unknown species, including L. sp1, sp2, and sp3, based on allozyme studies.…”