Genetic and chemical profiling of Gymnema sylvestre accessions from central India: Its implication for quality control and therapeutic potential of plant

Abstract

Background:Gymnema sylvestre, a vulnerable plant species, is mentioned in Indian Pharmacopeia as an antidiabetic drugObjective:Study of genetic and chemical diversity and its implications in accessions of G. sylvestreMaterials and Methods:Fourteen accessions of G. sylvestre collected from Central India and assessment of their genetic and chemical diversity were carried out using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) fingerprinting methodsResults:Among the screened 40 ISSR primers, 15 were found polymorphic and collectively produced nine unique accession-specific bands. The maximum and minimum numbers of amplicones were noted for ISSR-15 and ISSR-11, respectively. The ISSR -11 and ISSR-13 revealed 100% polymorphism. HPLC chromatograms showed that accessions possess the secondary metabolites of mid-polarity with considerable variability. Unknown peaks with retention time 2.63, 3.41, 23.83, 24.50, and 44.67 were found universal type. Comparative hierarchical clustering analysis based on foresaid fingerprints indicates that both techniques have equal potential to discriminate accessions according to percentage gymnemic acid in their leaf tissue. Second approach was noted more efficiently for separation of accessions according to their agro-climatic/collection siteConclusion:Highly polymorphic ISSRs could be utilized as molecular probes for further selection of high gymnemic acid yielding accessions. Observed accession specific bands may be used as a descriptor for plant accessions protection and converted into sequence tagged sites markers. Identified five universal type peaks could be helpful in identification of G. sylvestre-based various herbal preparations.SUMMARY Nine accession specific unique bandsFive marker peaks for G. sylvestre.Suitability of genetic and chemical fingerprinting Abbreviations used: HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, ISSR: Inter Simple Sequence Repeats, CTAB: Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide, DNTP: Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates

Chromatography Based Metabolomics andIn SilicoScreening ofGymnema sylvestreLeaf Extract for Its Antidiabetic Potential

“…This, up-to-date study showed that the most general medicinal plants with remarkable antidiabetic importance in terms of their mechanism and modes of action together with the methodology part used for their quality, safety, and efficacy assessment to explore the biological standardization of thousands of traditionally used medicinal plants both in vitro and in vivo metabolomics approach with chromatographic profiling to assess the claimed activity with the aim of finding potent antidiabetic markers from the natural resources [3]. In Indian systems of medicine, i.e., Ayurveda, the G. sylvestre prominently used in the therapy of dyspepsia, constipation, and hyperglycemia [4] hemorrhoids, jaundice vesicle, renal calculi, asthma, cardiopathy [5] amenorrhea, bronchitis, and leukoderma [6, 7]. The ethanolic extract of G. sylvestre leaves showed the presence of eleven different isoforms of gymnemic acids with different molecular weights (gymnemic acid I to gymnemic acid XI).…”

“…The major phytoconstituents found in G. sylvestre are gymnemic acid (GA), gudmarine, and saponins. Gymnemic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, the main active principle displaying antidiabetic activity [6]. The plant derived extract of G. sylvestre has already reported to have direct insulinotropic activities on β cells and isolated islets of human in vitro [8].…”

Determinação De Compostos Fenólicos Totais E Atividade Antioxidante De Extratos Dos Vegetais: Unha De Gato (Uncaria Tomentosa); Indiano Oli-Banum (Boswellia Serrata); Gymnema (Gymnema Sylvestre) E Alcachofra (Cynara Scolymus) / Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts: Cat's Claw (Uncaria Tomentosa); Indian Oli-Banum (Boswellia Serrata); Gymnema (Gymnema Sylvestre) and Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus)

“…Sendo utilizada também no tratamento de constipação, hiperglicemia, hemorróidas, cálculos renais, asma, cardiopatia, bronquite, mordida de cobra, problemas urinários, estomacais. Além disso possui também atividade antimicrobiana, antitumoral e anti inflamatória (Joshi, et al, 2011;Verma, 2016; Tiwari, Mishra e Sangwan, 2014).…”