Genetic and biochemical dissection of transgenic RNA-mediated virus resistance.

Goodwin, Joel B.; Chapman, Karen; Swaney, S; Parks, T. Dawn; Wernsman, E. A.; Dougherty, William G.

doi:10.1105/tpc.8.1.95

Cited by 180 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Exceeding this threshold level initiates the degradation of these RNAs. This RNA threshold model gained support from studies of viral transgene-mediated virus resistance in plants (De Haan et al, 1992;Dougherty et al, 1994;Goodwin et al, 1996;Lindbo et al, 1993;Smith et al, 1994). Mainly the transformants in which the transgenes were highly transcribed were resistant (Goodwin et al, 1996;Lindbo et al, 1993;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It has been proposed that some kind of aberrant RNA activates or catalyses the degradation of specific transcripts Smith et al, 1994). Following this line of reasoning, it is conceivable that there are different ways by which such an RNA species might be produced: (i) via the excessive production of stable RNA, by using a strong promoter driving the transgenes (Elmayan and Vaucheret, 1996;Goodwin et aL, 1996;Jorgensen et al, 1996;Metzlaff et aL, 1996;Smith et al, 1994); (ii) by the expression of transgenes that are modified (Ingelbrecht etal., 1994) and/or located in repeats (Depicker et al, 1996); and (iii) by the endogenous gene(s) when their expression is altered by means of a (transient) ectopic interaction with the IR locus (see below). Such an interaction may only be possible if the transgene locus is repetitive, and perhaps more important, the silencing sequences close to the centre of an IR.…”

Section: Silencing Of Chs Requires the Presence Of An Ir Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the promoter is inactivated, which is often correlated with DNA methylation, transgenes are transcriptionally silenced (Elmayan and Vaucheret, 1996;Meyer et al, 1993;Neuhuber et al, 1994;Park et al, 1996). If RNA is produced but fails to accumulate, transgenes are posttranscriptionally silenced (De Carvalho et al, 1992;Dehio and Schell, 1994;Depicker et al, 1996;Elmayan and Vaucheret, 1996;English et aL, 1996;Goodwin et al, 1996;Ingelbrecht et aL, 1994;Mueller et al, 1995;Smith et al, 1994). The expression of endogenous genes can also be post-transcriptionally silenced by introduced sense transgenes when these genes are sufficiently homologous to the endogenous counterparts (De Carvalho Niebel et aL, 1995;Kunz et aL, 1996;Van Blokland et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies indicate that excessive production of transgene RNA might be the trigger (De Carvalho et al, 1992;Elmayan and Vaucheret, 1996;Goodwin et al, 1996;Smith et aL, 1994). This occurs efficiently when transgenes are transcribed from a strong promoter (Elmayan and Vaucheret, 1996;Jorgensen et aL, 1996) or present in high copy numbers (Dorlhac de Borne et al 1994;Palauqui and Vaucheret, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post‐transcriptional silencing of chalcone synthase in Petunia by inverted transgene repeats

et al. 1997

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SummaryTo induce post.transcriptional silencing of flower pigmentation genes by homologous sense transgenes in transgenic petunias, it is not necessary for the transgenes to be highly transcribed. Even promoterless transgenes can induce silencing. Here it is shown that in these cases silencing is mediated by multimeric transgene/T-DNA loci in which the T-DNAs are arranged as inverted repeats (IRs). With the transgene constructs used, monomeric T-DNA loci are unable to confer silencing even though they modulate IR-induced silencing. IRs with the silencing sequences proximal to the centre (IR c) induce a more severe silencing than IRs with these sequences distal to the centre (IR,). Somatic reversion of silencing, as observed in a side branch of one of the chalcone synthase (Chs) transformants, was associated with a deletion of the IR locus from L1 cells, the meristematic cell layer that expresses the endogenous Chs genes in the flower corolla. Taken together, these data indicate that the post-transcriptional silencing mechanism can be activated by inverted transgene repeats. It is also shown that a silent IR UidA-ChsA locus silences the expression of a monomeric 35S promoter-driven UidA-ChsA transgene only in corollas where the endogenous Chs genes are highly transcribed. These results are consistent with a model in which an IR, by virtue of its palindromic sequence organization, is able to promote the production of aberrant RNAs from the endogenous homologs as a result of ectopic pairing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Silencing Of Chs Requires the Presence Of An Ir Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Post‐transcriptional silencing of chalcone synthase in Petunia by inverted transgene repeats

et al. 1997

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“…Subsequent work in plants led to the idea that there was some sort of plant surveillance system which could degrade RNAs, producing small RNAs, and that the plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) possibly was involved in this process (Goodwin et al, 1996;Lindbo et al, 1993). In the following years, small RNAs of 21−25 nt were found associated with degradation of transgene RNAs (Hamilton and Baulcombe, 1999;Mette et al, 2000) and the tomato RdRp gene (RDR) was isolated and characterized (Schiebel et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to RNA Silencing is Paved with Plant-Virus Interactions

Palukaitis¹

2011

The Plant Pathology Journal

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RNA silencing has had a large impact on biology in general, as well as on our understanding of plantpathogen interactions, especially interactions between plants and viruses. While most of what we know about the mechanism of RNA silencing was deduced in the last 12 years, many of the interactions between plants and viruses, as well as virus-virus interactions in plants, which we now know are manifestations of RNA silencing, were the subject of decades of work from numerous laboratories. These laboratories were examining the nature and extent of phenomena such as recovery from infection, the formation of dark green islands resistant to re-infection, synergy between unrelated viruses and cross-protection between related viruses, all first described in the late 1920s. In this review, the relationships between these phenomena and their place in the defense mechanism we call RNA silencing will be described, to show how they are all linked.Keywords : RNA silencing, recovery, dark-green islands, cross-protection, synergy, RNA silencing suppressors RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) in animals is a system for regulation of ectopic gene expression, posttranscriptional RNA turnover, removal of aberrant RNAs, silencing of retrotransposons, and defense against virus infection (Brodersen

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Post-transcriptional gene-silencing: RNAs on the attack or on the defense?

Sijen¹,

Kooter²

2000

Bioessays

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Post‐transcriptional gene‐silencing (PTGS) was first discovered in plants and results from the sequence‐specific degradation of RNA. Degradation can be activated by introducing transgenes, RNA viruses or DNA sequences that are homologous to expressed genes. A similar RNA degradation mechanism which is inducible by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNAs), has been discovered recently in vertebrates, invertebrates and protozoa. dsRNAs may also be potent activators of PTGS in plants. PTGS is not cell autonomous, suggesting the synthesis of sequence‐specific silencing signals which are not only moving through the plant but are also amplified and an RNA‐directed RNA Polymerase which has recently been cloned from various plant species is a candidate enzyme for amplifying silencing signals. The natural role of PTGS seems to be as a defence against plant viruses, so what first appeared to be RNAs on the attack may now be considered RNAs on the defense. BioEssays 22:520–531, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Genetic and biochemical dissection of transgenic RNA-mediated virus resistance.

Cited by 180 publications

References 23 publications

Post‐transcriptional silencing of chalcone synthase in Petunia by inverted transgene repeats

Post‐transcriptional silencing of chalcone synthase in Petunia by inverted transgene repeats

The Road to RNA Silencing is Paved with Plant-Virus Interactions

Post-transcriptional gene-silencing: RNAs on the attack or on the defense?

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