Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of infectious bronchitis virus in South America: implications for control programmes

Marandino, Ana; Vagnozzi, Ariel; Craig, María Isabel; Tomás, Gonzalo; Techera, Claudia; Panzera, Yanina; Vera, Federico; Pérez, Ruben

doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1583315

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…GI-9, GI-27, and GIV-1-genotypes have been implicated in widespread disease disseminations and persistent virus infections in north American [16,18,19]. GI-1, GI-11, and GI-16 are currently circulating in South American flocks [20]. LX4-type (QX-type or GI-19) which was firstly isolated in China in 1996 spread westward invading Russia, Middle East, and Europe, and then becoming the most prevalent genotype in many countries, such as Korea, Russia, Iran, Italy, UK, Malaysia, Sudan, and so on [7,8,21,22,23,24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure

Fan

Dong

Chen

et al. 2019

Viruses

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The high mutation rates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) pose economic threats to the poultry industry. In order to track the genetic evolutionary of IBV isolates circulating in yellow chickens, we continued to conduct the genetic analyses of the structural genes S1, E, M, and N from 64 IBV isolates in southern China during 2009–2017. The results showed that the dominant genotypes based on the four genes had changed when compared with those during 1985–2008. Based on the S1 gene phylogenetic tree, LX4-type (GI-19) was the most dominant genotype, which was different from that during 1985–2008. The second most dominant genotype was LDT3-A-type, but this genotype disappeared after 2012. New-type 1 (GVI-1) isolates showed increasing tendency and there were four aa (QKEP) located in the hypervariable region (HVR) III and one aa (S) insertion in all the New-type 1 isolates. Both the analyses of amino acid entropy and molecular evolutionary rate revealed that the variations from large to small were S1, E, M, and N. Purifying selection was detected in the S1, E, M, and N gene proteins, which was different from the positive selection during 1985–2008. Six isolates were confirmed to be recombinants, possibly generated from a vaccine virus of the 4/91-type or LDT3-A-type and a circulating virus. The estimated times for the most recent common ancestors based on the S1, E, M, and N genes were the years of 1744, 1893, 1940, and 1945, respectively. Bayesian skyline analysis revealed a sharp decrease in genetic diversity of all the four structural genes after 2010 and since late 2015, the viral population rapidly rose. In conclusion, the IBVs circulating in southern China over the past decade have experienced a remarkable change in genetic diversity, dominant genotypes, and selection pressure, indicating the importance of permanent monitoring of circulating strains and the urgency for developing new vaccines to counteract the emerging LX4-type and New-type IBVs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure

Fan

Dong

Chen

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…Further analysis showed that multiple nucleotide point mutations were observed between the genomes of I0306/17 and H120 strains, which suggests that the I0306/17 strain might have resulted from accumulated point mutations after several passages in chickens, as previously reported ( Liu et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2015 ). The fact that the Mass-type viruses were isolated from clinically diseased chickens indicates that vaccine-derived viruses have likely acquired the necessary sequence changes for pathogenicity ( McKinley et al, 2011 ) and returned to a wild-type pathogenic state ( Marandino et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of GI-1/Massachusetts lineage infectious bronchitis virus variants recently isolated in China

et al. 2020

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Four GI-1/Massachusetts-type (GI-1/Mass-type) infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) strains were isolated and the complete genomes of these isolates, coupled with the Mass-type live-attenuated vaccine H120 and the Mass-type pathogenic M41 strains, were sequenced in the present study. Our results show that isolates LJL/140820 and I0306/17 may be derived from the Ma5 (another Mass-type live-attenuated vaccine strain) and H120 vaccine strains, respectively. The I1124/16 strain was found to be a M41 variant that likely resulted from accumulated mutations in the genome. Consistently, the results of the virus neutralization (VN) test showed that isolate I1124/16 was antigenically related but slight different from the M41. Our results from the protection experiments pointed out that chickens immunized with H120 failed to eliminate viral shedding after infection with the isolate I1124/16, which was different from that of M41; this result was consistent to the field observation and further implicated that the variant IBV isolate I1124/16 was antigenic different from M41 strain. Furthermore, the I1124/16 was found to have comparable but slightly lower pathogenicity with M41 strain. More studies based on the reverse genetic techniques are needed to elucidate the amino acids in the S1 subunit of spike protein contributing to the altered antigenicity of the isolate I1124/16. In addition, an IBV isolate, LJL/130609, was found to be originated from recombination events between the I1124/16- and Connecticut-like strains. Our results from VN test also showed that isolates LJL/130609 and I1124/16 were antigenic closely related. Hence, there are at least three different genetic evolution patterns for the circulation of the GI-1/Mass-type IBV field strains in China. The differences of vaccines used, the field conditions and genetic pressures between different flocks, likely account for the emergence, evolution patterns and characteristics of the Mass-type IBV strains.

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“…The geographic distribution of the IBV is worldwide (Figure 2) and some genotypes are present more in certain regions than in others. Indeed, two different lineages GI‐21 and GII‐1 were considered as specific to Europe (Fan et al., 2019), while GI‐9, GI‐27 and GIV‐1 were considered specific to North America (Lin & Chen, 2017) and the GI‐11 is an exclusively South American lineage, very prevalent in Brazil and Uruguay (Marandino et al., 2019).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Farm Animals’ Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronaviruses in farm animals: Epidemiology and public health implications

Khbou

Jedidi

Zaafouri

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are documented in a wide range of animal species, including terrestrial and aquatic, domestic and wild. The geographic distribution of animal CoVs is worldwide and prevalences were reported in several countries across the five continents. The viruses are known to cause mainly gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases with different severity levels. In certain cases, CoV infections are responsible of huge economic losses associated or not to highly public health impact. Despite being enveloped, CoVs are relatively resistant pathogens in the environment. Coronaviruses are characterized by a high mutation and recombination rate, which makes host jumping and cross‐species transmission easy. In fact, increasing contact between different animal species fosters cross‐species transmission, while agriculture intensification, animal trade and herd management are key drivers at the human‐animal interface. If contacts with wild animals are still limited, humans have much more contact with farm animals, during breeding, transport, slaughter and food process, making CoVs a persistent threat to both humans and animals. A global network should be established for the surveillance and monitoring of animal CoVs.

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Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of infectious bronchitis virus in South America: implications for control programmes

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure

Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure

Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of GI-1/Massachusetts lineage infectious bronchitis virus variants recently isolated in China

Coronaviruses in farm animals: Epidemiology and public health implications

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