Abstract:BackgroundMedicago truncatula Gaertn. (barrel medic) is cultivated as a pasture legume for its high protein content and ability to improve soils through nitrogen fixation. Toxic concentrations of the micronutrient Boron (B) in agricultural soils hamper the production of cereal and leguminous crops. In cereals, the genetic analysis of B tolerance has led to the development of molecular selection tools to introgress and maintain the B tolerance trait in breeding lines. There is a comparable need for selection to… Show more
“…The QTL region identified in this study is accurate and confirms the single locus identified in a previous study of B tolerance in lentil (Kaur et al., ). This finding is consistent with the outcomes of studies of B tolerance in other legume species such as pea (Sudheesh et al., ) and Medicago truncatula (Bogacki, Peck, Nair, Howie, & Oldach, ), which also reported single‐gene models. Using the dense genetic map developed, a more closely linked marker (Lc_0002525) was found for this B tolerance gene as compared to the markers identified from ILL2024 × ‘Cassab’.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The QTL region identified in this study is accurate and confirms the single locus identified in a previous study of B tolerance in lentil (Kaur et al, 2014). This finding is consistent with the outcomes of studies of B tolerance in other legume species such as pea and Medicago truncatula (Bogacki, Peck, Nair, Howie, & Oldach, 2013), which also reported single-gene models.…”
Section: Genetic Mapping Qtl Analysis and Marker Validationsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Kaur et al (2014) discussed the aim to find a candidate B transporter gene like those isolated in Arabidopsis (Miwa, Aibara, & Fujiwara, 2014;Miwa & Fujiwara, 2011). Studies in Arabidopsis, wheat, rice and M. truncatula have revealed genes for efflux-type B transporters and major intrinsic protein (MIP) family controlling B toxicity tolerance (Bogacki et al, 2013;Takano et al, 2002Takano et al, , 2006. At the genomic location on LcChr2, one candidate was a lentil MIP gene (Lc09014) located in proximity (790 kb) to one of the QTL flanking SNP markers (Lc_0002525).…”
Section: Genetic Mapping Qtl Analysis and Marker Validationmentioning
This study describes the identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the recombinant inbred line population of ILL2024 × ILL6788 and subsequent validation of associated molecular markers. A high‐quality genetic linkage map was constructed with 758 markers that cover 1,057 cM, with an average intermarker distance of 2 cM. QTL analysis revealed a single genomic region on Lc2 to be associated with B tolerance and accounted for up to 76% of phenotypic variation (Vp). The best markers for B tolerance were assessed for their utility in routine breeding applications using validation panels of diverse lentil germplasm and breeding material derived from ILL2024. A marker generated from the dense genetic map of this study was found to be the most accurate of all markers available for B tolerance in lentil, with a success rate of 93% within a large breeding pool derived from ILL2024. However, given the number of the unrelated lines for which the marker–trait association was not conserved, B tolerance screening is still required at later stages to confirm predicted phenotypes.
“…The QTL region identified in this study is accurate and confirms the single locus identified in a previous study of B tolerance in lentil (Kaur et al., ). This finding is consistent with the outcomes of studies of B tolerance in other legume species such as pea (Sudheesh et al., ) and Medicago truncatula (Bogacki, Peck, Nair, Howie, & Oldach, ), which also reported single‐gene models. Using the dense genetic map developed, a more closely linked marker (Lc_0002525) was found for this B tolerance gene as compared to the markers identified from ILL2024 × ‘Cassab’.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The QTL region identified in this study is accurate and confirms the single locus identified in a previous study of B tolerance in lentil (Kaur et al, 2014). This finding is consistent with the outcomes of studies of B tolerance in other legume species such as pea and Medicago truncatula (Bogacki, Peck, Nair, Howie, & Oldach, 2013), which also reported single-gene models.…”
Section: Genetic Mapping Qtl Analysis and Marker Validationsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Kaur et al (2014) discussed the aim to find a candidate B transporter gene like those isolated in Arabidopsis (Miwa, Aibara, & Fujiwara, 2014;Miwa & Fujiwara, 2011). Studies in Arabidopsis, wheat, rice and M. truncatula have revealed genes for efflux-type B transporters and major intrinsic protein (MIP) family controlling B toxicity tolerance (Bogacki et al, 2013;Takano et al, 2002Takano et al, , 2006. At the genomic location on LcChr2, one candidate was a lentil MIP gene (Lc09014) located in proximity (790 kb) to one of the QTL flanking SNP markers (Lc_0002525).…”
Section: Genetic Mapping Qtl Analysis and Marker Validationmentioning
This study describes the identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the recombinant inbred line population of ILL2024 × ILL6788 and subsequent validation of associated molecular markers. A high‐quality genetic linkage map was constructed with 758 markers that cover 1,057 cM, with an average intermarker distance of 2 cM. QTL analysis revealed a single genomic region on Lc2 to be associated with B tolerance and accounted for up to 76% of phenotypic variation (Vp). The best markers for B tolerance were assessed for their utility in routine breeding applications using validation panels of diverse lentil germplasm and breeding material derived from ILL2024. A marker generated from the dense genetic map of this study was found to be the most accurate of all markers available for B tolerance in lentil, with a success rate of 93% within a large breeding pool derived from ILL2024. However, given the number of the unrelated lines for which the marker–trait association was not conserved, B tolerance screening is still required at later stages to confirm predicted phenotypes.
“…Previous studies in A. thaliana and M. truncatula have identified genes for efflux-type B transporters and members of the MIP family as controlling B toxicity tolerance [54,55,56,57]. The majority of known B tolerance-related genes described in model legume M. truncatula were shown to be present in the Cassab-derived transcriptome, validating integrated approach for large-scale identification of candidate genes for a given biological process.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…To identify the candidate genes associated with tolerance to B toxicity [54,55,56,57] and time to flowering [58,59] in lentil, a text-based search of the Cassab transcriptome BLAST analysis data (against M. truncatula CDS, Nr and UniRef100) was performed. Two SNP-based linkage maps [38,39] which were used to precisely map QTLs for B toxicity tolerance and time to flowering were selected in this study.…”
RNA-Seq using second-generation sequencing technologies permits generation of a reference unigene set for a given species, in the absence of a well-annotated genome sequence, supporting functional genomics studies, gene characterisation and detailed expression analysis for specific morphophysiological or environmental stress response traits. A reference unigene set for lentil has been developed, consisting of 58,986 contigs and scaffolds with an N50 length of 1719 bp. Comparison to gene complements from related species, reference protein databases, previously published lentil transcriptomes and a draft genome sequence validated the current dataset in terms of degree of completeness and utility. A large proportion (98%) of unigenes were expressed in more than one tissue, at varying levels. Candidate genes associated with mechanisms of tolerance to both boron toxicity and time of flowering were identified, which can eventually be used for the development of gene-based markers. This study has provided a comprehensive, assembled and annotated reference gene set for lentil that can be used for multiple applications, permitting identification of genes for pathway-specific expression analysis, genetic modification approaches, development of resources for genotypic analysis, and assistance in the annotation of a future lentil genome sequence.
Changing climates and associated increased variability pose risks to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivation, with the requirement to establish, survive, and maintain production under water stress. Crop wild relatives (CWR) of alfalfa include populations that have evolved to survive in a number of different, extreme environments, but until recently have had limited use in breeding programs. Here we report on the phenotypic diversity of alfalfa crop wild relatives that were selected to represent extremes in drought tolerance (by sourcing germplasm from environments with extremes in low rainfall, high temperature, shallow soils, and winter freezing) with the aim of providing germplasm with drought tolerance and improved forage yield traits for breeding programs in both warm and cool dry temperate environments. Newly formed hybrids created between M. sativa, M. arborea L. (a woody shrub), and M. truncatula Gaertn. (an annual species from the Mediterranean region) were developed or acquired to introduce new genetic diversity from the tertiary genepool. Preliminary characterization and evaluation was used for taxonomic classification, and to identify wild accessions and pre‐bred (hybrid) lines that offer new diversity for growth habit, seed size, fall dormancy, and forage yield. The accessions and pre‐breeding lines described have been donated to the Australian Pastures Genebank for conservation and distribution.
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