Genetic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from intravenous drug user lesions

Monk, Alastair B.; Curtis, Sally; Paul, John R.; Enright, Mark C.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.05408-0

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A high number of exotoxin genes was carried by each isolate, independently of whether they were recovered from blood (11-23 genes) or wounds (8-19 genes). Numerous virulence genes were also reported in S. aureus from other hospitals (Monk et al, 2004;Campbell et al, 2008;Holtfreter et al, 2007;Argudín et al, 2009;Varshney et al, 2009). In the present work, the detected genes appeared in many different combinations, with almost every isolate showing a distinct pattern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Exotoxin gene backgrounds in bloodstream and wound Staphylococcus aureus isolates from geriatric patients attending a long-term care Spanish hospital

Argudín

Mendoza

Vázquez

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The exotoxin gene content was established for 62 Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing bloodstream (n531) and wound (n531) infections in geriatric patients attending a long-term care Spanish hospital from 1996 to 2006. Content was determined based on PCR screening of genes encoding five haemolysins, three exfoliatins, three leukotoxins and 21 pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs), in addition to markers of genomic (nSab) and pathogenicity (SaPIs) islands. Exotoxin genes were abundant in both bloodstream (11-23 genes) and wound (8-19 genes) isolates, and they were arranged in 55 combinations with only two represented in both groups. All isolates were positive for genes encoding haemolysins (hl; 3-5) and PTSAgs (tst, se and sel; 5-14), whereas exfoliatin (et) and leukotoxin (luk) genes appeared in 98.4 and 51.6 % of isolates, respectively. The hlg, lukPV, tst, sec and selu genes were found significantly more frequently in bloodstream than in wound isolates, whereas hlg-variant, sea, seb, see and selk-selq were more frequent in wound isolates (P,0.05). Distinctive exotoxin gene combinations could potentially be associated with specific mobile genetic elements, including genomic islands [lukED, egc1 (seg, seln, sei, selm, selo) and egc2 (seg, seln, selu, sei, selm, selo)]; pathogenicity islands (etd, seb, sec, sell, selq, selk and tst); bacteriophages (eta, lukPV, sea, selp, selk, selq and see); and plasmids (sed, selj, ser, ses and set). The abundance of exotoxin genes and variety of arrangements shown by S. aureus from geriatric patients could play a role in the adaptation of the pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Exotoxin gene backgrounds in bloodstream and wound Staphylococcus aureus isolates from geriatric patients attending a long-term care Spanish hospital

Argudín

Mendoza

Vázquez

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Previously reported ST123 strains are all United Kingdom isolates (http://www.mlst.net/), which suggests that the EEFIC may have originated in the United Kingdom. This ST has been described as a nasal carriage strain (8), although it also caused soft tissue infection in an intravenous drug user (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Epidemic European Fusidic Acid-Resistant Impetigo Clone of Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2007

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Resistance to the antibiotic fusidic acid in European strains of Staphylococcus aureus causing impetigo has increased in recent years. This increase appears to have resulted from clonal expansion of a strain we have designated the epidemic European fusidic acid-resistant impetigo clone (EEFIC), which carries the fusidic acid resistance determinant fusB on its chromosome. To understand better the properties of the EEFIC responsible for its success, we have performed detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterization of this clone. Molecular typing revealed the EEFIC to be ST123, spa type t171, and agr type IV and therefore unrelated to earlier prevalent fusB ؉ strains found in the United Kingdom. EEFIC strains exhibited resistance to fusidic acid, penicillin, and, in some cases, erythromycin, which are all used in the treatment of impetigo. PCR analysis of the EEFIC and complete DNA sequencing of the 39.3 Kb plasmid it harbors identified genes encoding several toxins previously implicated in impetigo (exfoliative toxins A and B and EDIN-C). The location of fusB was mapped on the chromosome and found to be associated with a novel 16.6-kb genomic island integrated downstream of groEL. Although this element is related to classical staphylococcal pathogenicity islands, it does not encode any known virulence factors and consequently has been designated SaRI fusB (for "S. aureus resistance island carrying fusB").

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“…Interestingly, and in contrast to the MLST tree, these data suggest that ST45 and ST30 share a common ancestor. Group 1b contains no major nosocomial lineages; although ST59 was found to be relatively common amongst intravenous drug users in Brighton, UK (Monk et al, 2004), and is an important community-acquired MRSA from the USA (Pan et al, 2005;Vandenesch et al, 2003). Group 2 contains the related CC8 clones (EMRSA-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 17), which includes the first MRSA lineage to be described (Crisostomo et al, 2001), ST5 (EMRSA-3; the New York/Japan clone) (Oliveira et al, 2002) and ST1, which is the genotype of sequenced strains MSSA476 (Holden et al, 2004) and MW2 (Kuroda et al, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogeny of Staphylococcus aureus – which genes make the best intra-species markers?

Cooper

Feil

2006

Microbiology

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The ability to make informed decisions on the suitability of alternative marker loci is central for population and epidemiological investigations. This issue was addressed using Staphylococcus aureus as a model population by generating nucleotide sequence data from 33 gene fragments in a representative sample of 30 strains. Supplementing the data with pre-existing multilocus sequence typing data, an intra-species tree based on~17?8 kb of sequence was reconstructed and the goodness of fit of each individual gene tree was computed. No strong association was noted between gene function per se and phylogenetic reliability, but it is suggested that candidate loci should possess at least the average degree of nucleotide diversity for all genes in the genome. In the case of S. aureus this threshold is >1 % mean pairwise diversity.

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Genetic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from intravenous drug user lesions

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Exotoxin gene backgrounds in bloodstream and wound Staphylococcus aureus isolates from geriatric patients attending a long-term care Spanish hospital

Exotoxin gene backgrounds in bloodstream and wound Staphylococcus aureus isolates from geriatric patients attending a long-term care Spanish hospital

Characterization of the Epidemic European Fusidic Acid-Resistant Impetigo Clone of Staphylococcus aureus

The phylogeny of Staphylococcus aureus – which genes make the best intra-species markers?

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