Genetic Analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Vitis

Abstract

The parents and progeny from two crosses (Cayuga White x Aurore and NY62.136.2 x Yates) were examined for the presence of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Seventeen independent DNA sequences were used in the analysis, 15 obtained from a grape Pst\ genomic library and two heterologous probes obtained from other laboratories. Most of the low copy cloned sequences hybridized to more than two restriction fragments, possibly reflecting the polyploid nature of the Vitis genome. Nine of the probes detected RFLPs between parents. Analysis of the progenies (F, generation) revealed segregation for nine distinct polymorphisms generated by seven of the probes. Thus, a relatively high level of polymorphism among parents, as well as heterozygosity within each parent, was evident. Most RFLPs gave segregation ratios close to the 1:1 ratio predicted for a locus heterozygous in one parent. However four differences between parental phenotypes did not segregate in the progeny, and in three instances fragments present in both parents segregated in the progeny. These peculiar results may be explained by accounting for heterozygosity or homozygosity, respectively, for the DNA segment that generates the polymorphism. We conclude that RFLP studies can be performed on the first filial generation in woody perennials such as Vitis that have a relatively high level of heterozygosity in the genome.

Wine as a biological fluid: History, production, and role in disease prevention

“…These include analyses of isomeric forms of enzymes as well as the distribution of various anthocyanins, flavonoid and nonflavonoid phenolic compounds. Techniques of DNA cloning are also being used to establish degrees of similarities between cultivars (11,12).…”

Toward the Fingerprinting of Wines: Cultivar-Related Patterns of Polyphenolic Constituents in Ontario Wines

“…The synthesis of several of these constituents is modulated by environmental factors such as sunlight (Amerine and Roessler, 1982) and botrytis infection (Jeandet et al, 1995), but it is likely that constitutive gene expression is the predominant determining factor for each individual cultivar and that their phenolic patterns, also reflected in the wine produced from the berry must, may demonstrate specific features that can aid their identification. Up to the present, morphological techniques (Galet, 1980) and more recently molecular biological procedures (Bourquin et al, 1991;Mauro et al, 1992) have been used to characterize individual Vitis cultivars, but these are not applicable to the identification of the wines to which they give rise.…”

Sequence-specific Polymerase Chain-reaction Markers Derived from Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers for Fingerprinting Grape (Vitis) Rootstocks

“…Although some workers have described potential difficulties in using RAPD markers (Ellsworth et al, 1993;Heun and Helentjaris, 1993;Penner et al, 1993;Riedy et al, 1992;Weeden et al, 1992), the present study was undertaken to evaluate their utility for fingerprinting grape (Vitis) rootstocks. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses have revealed genetic differences among grape rootstocks (Bourquin et al, 1991) and cultivars (Bowers et al, 1993;Mauro et al, 1992;Sivolap et al, 1992;Yamamoto et al, 1991), but the differences are not yet detectable in a PCR-based assay. In contrast, sequences.…”