Genetic Analysis of Mosquitoes from Rural and Urban Areas of Sialkot, Pakistan

Abstract

The current study was conducted to demonstrate the genetic variability, gene flow and rate of migration in mosquito populations between rural and urban areas in Sialkot, Pakistan. The adult mosquitoes were collected with the help of sweep net and battery-operated aspirator, whereas the larvae were collected using standard dippers. DNA extraction was performed through TNE salt extraction method. Fourteen samples of mosquito populations for the selected seven species of three genera were studied using RAPD loci. Ten oligonucleotide decamer primers produced 92 polymorphic fragments ranging from 120 to 3000 base pairs. The data generated through RAPD markers were analyzed through POPGENE software. The UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated two distinct groups comprising of seven mosquito species of three genera' Culex, Anopheles and Aedes. All the species from both urban and rural areas showed genetic relatedness with the corresponding species. Aedes albopictus from urban areas was found more closely related to Ae. aegypti. Aedes species group originated from Ae. albopictus of rural areas. The genetic diversity observed in population from urban areas was G ST =0.113 (Nm=4.014) with heterozygosity of 0.3691; and the rural areas showed genetic variation of G ST =0.134 (Nm=2.62) with a total heterozygosity of 0.4019. The overall genetic variation among fourteen populations showed G ST =0.147 and rate of migration Nm=3.73. The genetic relatedness and Nm value showed low level of genetic variations in mosquito populations from rural and urban areas of Sialkot. Moreover, the genetic data show that mosquitoes are freely moving between rural and urban areas.

Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey

“…Our results showed that the studied C. pipiens complex populations were genetically less differentiated (G ST = 0.07), having a high level of gene flow (Nm = 6.61) among them. These low G ST and high Nm values detected in the present study are consistent with the findings of many studies reported for different mosquito species from different parts of the world (Lehmann et al, 1996;Besansky et al, 1997;Humeres et al, 1998;Cui et al, 2007;Santos et al, 2011;Bibi et al, 2015;Preet and Gupta, 2017). In their study, Cui et al (2007) compared the previous population genetic surveys of C. pipiens in different geographic areas around the world and reached a conclusion that this species needs considerable distances, at least between 500 and 1000 km, to show isolation by distance, irrespective of the subspecies (C. p. pipiens, C. p. quinquefasciatus, and C. p. pallens) or the geographic location.…”

Seasonal Prevalence and Phenomenal Biology as Tools for Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) Management

“…Further, molecular studies based on DNA analysis of mosquitoes in Pakistan had established a barcode reference library for the mosquitoes of this region [39]. The levels of genetic diversity varied among species and DNA barcoding supported an accurate tracking of mosquito populations [33]. Further, the present research was of restricted retro and not the only effort to statistical recitation abundance to concurrent quantification of biotic and abiotic variable shreds of evidence on population dynamics over a vast locality.…”

“…Notably, earlier information on the distribution of Ae. aegypti showing all the localities of species, density and seasonal prevalence in the subcontinent and South-East Asia was provided [13,[33][34]. In the literature concerning the mosquitoes of Pakistan, a specification gradient has arranged 134 existing mosquito species [35].…”

Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

“…The DNA from supernatant was precipitated by adding ice cold ethanol in equal volume, and kept at −20 °C for 1 hour and afterwards recovered by centrifugation. The DNA pellet was air dried and resuspended in D 3 H 2 O [38][39][40] .…”

“…= × µ µ DNA Conc g/ l Dilution fold absorbance at 260 nm RAPD-PCR amplification. A total of five RAPD primers (GenLink: A-03, A-04, A-06, A-18 and C-04; Supplementary Table) were selected to amplify the mosquitoes genomic DNA following the PCR conditions as described by Bibi et al 39 and Zahoor et al 41 .…”