Genetic analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Larsson, Håkan

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00509.x

Hereditas

2008

DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00509.x

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Genetic analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Håkan Larsson

Abstract: Lax‐spiked (laxatum) mutants from the barley varieties Bonus (84 lines) and Foma (110 lines) were studied. Results from allelism tests within the cv: s are reported from 10 (67+10 lines) and 9 (67+35 lines) groups of mutants of each variety. In Bonus barley 5 loci were found to have 3 alleles, 11 loci to have 2 alleles, whereas among a rest of 40 lines allelism was not proven. In the Bonus material a previously unreported lax‐a allele was found. In Foma barley 1 locus was found to have 10 alleles, 1 to have 5.… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…To make progress in barley genetics from the molecular to the population level there is need for still more good quantitative marker genes (BEKELE 1984). This paper belongs to a series dealing with the luxatum (fax) type of barley mutant, with reduced spike density (LARSSON 1985a andb, 1986a and.…”

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Morphological analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Larsson

2008

Hereditas

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Lax‐spiked (laxatum) mutants from the barley varieties Bonus (84 lines) and Foma (110 lines) were studied. Spike density, straw length, ratio of top internode to straw length, fertility, grain shape and approximate thousand grain weight are given together with some vegetative characters and field habit. The reliability of spike density measurements is discussed and correlation analysis done vs plant density, seed size and sowing time. Differences in spike density mean values are t‐tested for all mutants with mean value higher than their mother variety. Lax mutants with branching spikes are briefly described and the pleiotropic nature of traits affecting the barley spike is discussed.

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Morphological analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Larsson

2008

Hereditas

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“…It has also a more diversified morphology (LARSSON 1985a) and heterogeneous allelic background (LARSSON 1985b). This is the third paper in a series dealing with the lax type mutant of barley (LARSSON 1985a andb, 1986a).…”

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Linkage studies with genetic markers and some laxatum barley mutants

Larsson

2008

Hereditas

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Linkage was studied in 38 lax-spiked (laxaturn) mutants from Bonus (20) and Foma (18) barley. The mutant genes were first localized to chromosome arms by a cytogenetic tester set that indicated linkage to semisterility factors.In preliminary tests, 20 of the lax mutants were found unsuitable owing to sterility, presence of translocations, variable penetrance of indistinguishable morphology, alone or in combination. Of the other 18 mutants, 5 gave no linkage indications, mostly owing to varying penetrance in different tester combinations. 5 other mutants showed association with more than one chromosome arm. 8 mutant genes were localized to chromosome arms and the distances of 4 of them to known markers were estimated by two-and three-point tests: abrl was located to the short arm of chromosome 2; lax-6 and lax-c were 27.3 cM apart in the long arm of chromosome 6; and coml (synonymous to birl) was located to the long arm of chromosome 7, < 1 cM from the previously studied locus lax-a. In chromosome 7, negative interference (y=1.83) was found in connection with err-n.In the 14 lax loci (including lax-a) where linkage was detected, 8 are associated with chromosome 7. As nocompleteallelism test wasdone withthemutantsinvolved. there are.maybe.fewerthan8loci.Theskewness also may be induced by the bias in the cytogenetic tester set applied, where breakpoints in chromosome 7 are represented in 7 translocation lines out of 11.

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Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence

Houston

McKim

Comadran

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

108

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Within the cereal grasses, variation in inflorescence architecture results in a conspicuous morphological diversity that in crop species influences the yield of cereal grains. Although significant progress has been made in identifying some of the genes underlying this variation in maize and rice, in the temperate cereals, a group that includes wheat, barley, and rye, only the dosagedependent and highly pleiotropic Q locus in hexaploid wheat has been molecularly characterized. Here we show that the characteristic variation in the density of grains along the inflorescence, or spike, of modern cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) is largely the consequence of a perturbed interaction between microRNA172 and its corresponding binding site in the mRNA of an APELATA2 (AP2)-like transcription factor, HvAP2. We used genome-wide association and biparental mapping to identify HvAP2. By comparing inflorescence development and HvAP2 transcript abundance in an extreme dense-spike mutant and its nearly isogenic WT line, we show that HvAP2 turnover driven by microRNA 172 regulates the length of a critical developmental window that is required for elongation of the inflorescence internodes. Our data indicate that this heterochronic change, an altered timing of developmental events caused by specific temporal variation in the efficiency of HvAP2 turnover, leads to the striking differences in the size and shape of the barley spike.genome wide association scan | heterochrony T he cereal grasses are the world's most economically, sociologically, and ecologically important crops (1). Within and between species, variation in inflorescence architecture results in striking and characteristic morphological diversity. Dissecting the mechanisms and processes underpinning this diversity is central to understanding both its origin and evolution and how it can be harnessed for knowledge-based crop improvement. In maize and rice, a considerable body of work has begun to dissect the genes and gene networks controlling aspects of inflorescence development (e.g., refs. 2-5). However, within the Triticeae cereals, a group that includes some of the world's most important human foods, only Q, a highly pleiotropic gene that influences a broad range of phenotypic characters including inflorescence compactness, fragility, and free-threshing (6), and genes that determine the development of an extra floret on the lemma (7), additional glumes (8), the number of grains on the inflorescence (9), and floret fertility (10) have been molecularly characterized.Barley is a diploid inbreeding crop species and a model for other, genetically more complex temperate cereal species such as durum and bread wheats and rye. The barley inflorescence forms a terminal spike that bears reproductive units called "spikelets." Three spikelets initiate at each alternating node of the spike's central stem or rachis. Each spikelet forms a single floret that can develop into a kernel of grain. Several loci have been shown to affect spike density in barley (11), including dense spike...

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Genetic analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Morphological analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Morphological analysis of laxatum barley mutants

Linkage studies with genetic markers and some laxatum barley mutants

Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence

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