Genetic analysis of feet and leg traits of Australian Angus cattle using linear and threshold models

Abstract

The advantages of using a univariate threshold animal model (TAM) over the conventional linear animal model (AM) in the development of a genetic evaluation system for feet and leg traits of Angus cattle were explored. The traits were scored on a scale of 1–9 with scores 5 and 6 being the most desirable. The genetic parameters and estimated breeding values for front feet angle (FA), rear feet angle (RA), front feet claw set (FC), rear feet claw set (RC), rear leg hind view (RH) and rear leg side view (RS) were compared from AM and TAM. In order to predict breeding values to identify the animals with intermediate optimum, the scores were categorised to form three groups to differentiate the desirable group (5–6) from the other two groups with less desirable feet and leg appearances (1–4 and 7–9). The AM and TAM were used to estimate genetic parameters for the grouped data as well as the original score data. A TAM using the group data was used to predict the probability and breeding value for the desirable intermediate group. For the original score data, estimated heritabilities on the underlying scale, using TAM, were 0.50, 0.46, 0.35, 0.44, 0.32 and 0.22 for FA, FC, RA, RC, RH and RS, respectively, and were 0.01–0.18 higher than the heritabilities estimated using AM. Genetic correlation between the six traits using a bivariate TAM with all scores ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 with front and rear angles had the highest genetic correlation at 0.50. For all six traits, proportion in the intermediate desirable group was higher than the other two groups combined. The low annual genetic change observed for all six traits over the 10 years of data recording reflected the lack of directional selection to improve the traits in Angus cattle. For genetic evaluation of feet and leg traits with an intermediate optimum, TAM is a preferred method for estimating genetic parameters and predicting breeding values for the desirable category. The TAM has now been implemented for regular estimated breeding value analysis of feet and leg traits of Angus cattle.

Genetic analysis of feet and leg conformation traits in Nelore cattle

“…Previous studies with beef and dairy cattle have demonstrated moderate to high levels of genetic control for feet and leg conformation traits which suggests relevant opportunity for improvement via selection (Häggman et al, 2012;Jeyaruban et al, 2012;Zavadilová and Štípková, 2012).…”

Selection for pure- and crossbred performance in Charolais

“…Strong genetic correlations were found between udder volume and udder attachment, between foot angle and foot depth, between foot angle and leg angle, and between leg angle and foot depth. These genetic correlations were stronger than the ones found in previous studies (Kirschten et al, 2001;Jeyaruban et al 2012). Foot angle and foot depth also showed a strong phenotypic correlation, suggesting that classifiers had difficulties to distinguish between both traits and consequently gave similar scores for the traits.…”

“…Commercial genomic companies, such as GeneSeek and Zoetis, offer genomic evaluation in Angus. Accuracies range from 0.20 to 0.45 in an Australian validation population (Johnston et al, 2012) and from 0.24 to 0.65 in an American validation population (Northcutt, 2011). In France, genomic evaluations are available for Charolais, Blonde d'Aquitaine, and Limousin.…”

“…In Australia, genomic evaluation is available for growth traits with relatively high accuracy ranging from 0.52 to 0.73. However, maximum accuracy for carcass traits is 0.48; and 0.33 for female reproduction traits (Johnston et al, 2012). In the US, the main breed associations have developed, in collaboration with national institutes, within breed genomic evaluations (reviewed by van Eenennaam et al, 2014).…”

“…Studies estimating heritability and correlation of udder and teat conformation are rare in beef cattle, unlike in dairy (Gutiérrez and Goyache, 2002;Varona et al, 2012). Slightly more studies have been conducted on feet and leg (Mantovani et al 2010;Jeyaruban et al 2012), but only one study in Charolais (Norris et al 2008). The objective was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for behavior and type traits in Charolais.…”