Genetic Analysis of Energy Production in the Soybean<sup>1</sup>

Hanson, W. D.; Leffel, R. C.; Howell, Robert W.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1961.0011183x000100020011x

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Thus, there was observed to be negative correlation between grain yield and grain protein/prolamin content. Negative associations between seed protein concentration and yield have been related to the higher energy cost of accumulating the extra protein (Hanson et al 1961;de Wit 1975, 1976) since the synthesis of protein requires more glucose (energy) per gram than complex carbohydrates (Penning de Vries et al 1974). Others have argued that increasing the amount of N in the seed would accelerate senescence and remobilization of N from leaves, shortening the seed-filling period and reducing yield de Wit 1975, 1976;Frederick and Hesketh 1994;Triboi and Triboi-Blondel 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of PBF Dof Transcription Factor in Different Tissues of Three Finger Millet Genotypes Differing in Seed Protein Content and Color

Gupta

Singh

et al. 2010

Plant Mol Biol Rep

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Finger millet is one of the most nutritious cereal crops, as it is rich in calcium, minerals, and phosphorus. It also contains high protein, with prolamins being the major seed storage proteins. Genes encoding prolamins are coordinately expressed in developing endosperm wherein they are under spatial and temporal transcription control, involving cis-acting and trans-acting motifs in their promoters and trans-acting transcription factors. The PBF Dof (prolamin-binding factor DNA binding with one finger only) transcription factor can be an important regulator for seed storage protein gene expression. In this study, the spatial distribution of the PBF Dof gene has been investigated in different tissues, including root, stem, and flag leaf during vegetative growth as well as S1, S2, S3, and S4 stages of developing spikes in three finger millet genotypes, including brown (PRM-1), golden (PRM-701), and white (PRM-801) differing in grain protein content and color using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. Semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR results revealed that PBF Dof is expressed in all tissues analyzed; however, expression of PBF Dof is relatively higher in developing stages of spikes than in other tissues in all three genotypes. Spatial expression of PBF Dof genes in all tissues analyzed is similar to that reported for wheat PBF genes but in contrast to that of barley and maize PBFs wherein expression is restricted to the endosperm. Moreover, a negative correlation is observed between prolamin content and each of grain yield and grain protein in all three finger millet genotypes. The grain protein content of the white (PRM-801) genotype is highest (9.56%), followed by golden (PRM-701; 9.0%) and brown (PRM-1; 7.5%) genotypes, and it is related to higher expression of PBF Dof in S2, S3, and S4 stages, respectively. This indicates that early induction of seed protein genes in the white genotype provides a longer period for accumulation of seed storage proteins in the endosperm when compared with those in other genotypes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of PBF Dof Transcription Factor in Different Tissues of Three Finger Millet Genotypes Differing in Seed Protein Content and Color

Gupta

Singh

et al. 2010

Plant Mol Biol Rep

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“…The larger energy requirement for synthesis of oil and protein versus synthesis of carbohydrate is often cited as a contributing factor (Hanson et al, 1961). A related theory suggests that developing seeds, which have a high carbon (C) requirement for protein, oil and carbohydrate synthesis, compete directly with N2-fixing nodules for available photosynthate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of defoliation on seed protein concentration in normal and high protein lines of soybean

et al. 1995

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Two high (NC106, NC111) and two normal (NC103, NC107) seed protein concentration lines, derived from two different recurrent selection populations of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were subjected to partial defoliation at beginning seed fill (R5) under outdoor pot culture and field conditions. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that capacity to store N in vegetative organs and/or to mobilize that N to reproductive organs is associated with the high seed protein concentration trait. Symbiotic N2 fixation was the sole source of N in the pot experiment and the major source of N (met > 50% of the N requirement) in the low N soil used in the field experiment. Seed protein concentration and seed yield at maturity in both experiments and N accumulation and mobilization between R5 and maturity in the pot experiment were measured. The four genotypes did not differ significantly with respect to the amount of N accumulated before beginning seed fill (R5). Removal of up to two leaflets per trifoliolate leaf at R5 significantly decreased the seed protein concentration of NC107/111 but had no effect on this trait in NC103/106, Defoliation treatments significantly decreased seed yield, whole plant N accumulation (N2-fixation) during reproductive growth and vegetative N mobilization of all genotypes. Differences in harvest indices between the high and low protein lines accounted for approximately 35% of the differences in protein concentration. The two normal protein lines mobilized more vegetative N to the seed (average. 5.26 g plant-1) than the two high protein lines (average. 4.28 g plant-l). The two high seed protein lines (NC 106, NC 111) exhibited significantly different relative dependencies of reproductive N accumulation on vegetative N mobilization, 45% vs. 29%, in the control treatment. Whereas, NC 103 with normal and NC 106 with high seed protein concentration exhibited similar relative dependencies of reproductive N accumulation on vegetative N mobilization, (47% vs. 45%). Collectively, these results indicate that N stored in shoot organs before R5 and greater absolute and relative contribution of vegetative N mobilization to the reproductive N requirement are not responsible for the high seed protein concentration trait.Abbreviations: DAT -days after transplanting, R5 -fifth reproductive stage according to Fehr and Caviness, 1977

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“…X Cumberland cross, no significant differences were detected in the Table 20, wherein line A84-474044 showed high yield (285 g m"2) and high protein percentage. This result is in accordance with the theoretical expectation of Hanson et al (1961) and Shimura and Hanson (1970) Negative correlation between seed yield and protein percentage were reported by several authors (Blixt, 1979;Gottschalk and Mueller, 1982;Hartwig, 1979;Kaul, 1982;Kwon and Torrie, 1964;Pandey et al, 1979;Shannon et al, 1972;and Thorne and Fehr, 1970a).…”

Section: Analysessupporting

confidence: 93%

I. Methods for breeding high-protein cultivars of soybeans; II. Transfer of Phytophthora resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] by backcrossing

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Genetic Analysis of Energy Production in the Soybean¹

Cited by 40 publications

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Differential Expression of PBF Dof Transcription Factor in Different Tissues of Three Finger Millet Genotypes Differing in Seed Protein Content and Color

Differential Expression of PBF Dof Transcription Factor in Different Tissues of Three Finger Millet Genotypes Differing in Seed Protein Content and Color

Effects of defoliation on seed protein concentration in normal and high protein lines of soybean

I. Methods for breeding high-protein cultivars of soybeans; II. Transfer of Phytophthora resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] by backcrossing

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Genetic Analysis of Energy Production in the Soybean1

Cited by 40 publications

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Differential Expression of PBF Dof Transcription Factor in Different Tissues of Three Finger Millet Genotypes Differing in Seed Protein Content and Color

Differential Expression of PBF Dof Transcription Factor in Different Tissues of Three Finger Millet Genotypes Differing in Seed Protein Content and Color

Effects of defoliation on seed protein concentration in normal and high protein lines of soybean

I. Methods for breeding high-protein cultivars of soybeans; II. Transfer of Phytophthora resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] by backcrossing

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Genetic Analysis of Energy Production in the Soybean¹