Genetic analysis of a locus on the Bacteroides ovatus chromosome which contains xylan utilization genes

Weaver, James; Whitehead, Terence R.; Cotta, Michael A.; Valentine, P C; Salyers, Abigail A.

doi:10.1128/aem.58.9.2764-2770.1992

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The relative abundance of Bacteroides ovatus , Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , Bacteroides cellulosilyticus , and Bacteroides uniformis from genus Bacteroides was significantly higher than that in the control group at the same time point and at 0 hr. Some studies showed that a particular variety of polysaccharides can be fermented by Bacteroides ovatus , Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , and Bacteroides uniformis (Flint, Scott, Duncan, Louis, & Forano, 2014; Gherardini & Salyers, 1987; Salyers, Vercellotti, West, & Wilkins, 1977; Weaver, Whitehead, Cotta, Valentine, & Salyers, 1992). Salyers, Arthur, and Kuritza (1981) suggested that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron could produce acetate, propionate, and succinate by utilizing arabinogalactan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of banana powder (Musa acuminata Colla) on the composition of human fecal microbiota and metabolic output using in vitro fermentation

Tian

Peng

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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Bananas are rich in indigestible carbohydrates and are considered potential whole‐fruit prebiotics. To investigate banana‐induced changes in the composition of the human gut microbiota and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ripe banana (Musa acuminata Colla, Degrees Brix: 22.6 ± 0.2° Bé), from Hainan, China, was powdered and fermented in vitro for 24 hr with the feces of six Chinese donors. The degradation of banana polysaccharides was observed in all six fecal samples. During in vitro fecal fermentation, banana polysaccharides were gradually degraded up to approximately 80%. The production of SCFAs was also measured. The addition of banana powder increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, with the production of acetate being higher than that of propionate and butyrate. Changes in the human gut microbiota were assessed using high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The results indicated that banana powder significantly altered bacterial diversity, increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, while maintaining the proportion of Bifidobacterium in the feces. At the same time, banana powder also increased the proportion of Lactobacillus; however, a significant difference was not observed. In summary, banana powder can be utilized by specific bacteria in human intestines, providing data support for the study of the effects of banana powder on the human intestinal health. Practical Application In this study, in vitro batch fermentation was used to evaluate the effect of banana powder on the human intestinal microbial community, and the metabolized products of banana powder were determined. Our study showed that banana powder improved the human intestinal microbial flora and promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and could produce beneficial SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). This study provided a theoretical basis for the use of banana powder as a potential prebiotic in production applications and our daily diet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of banana powder (Musa acuminata Colla) on the composition of human fecal microbiota and metabolic output using in vitro fermentation

Tian

Peng

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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“…To analyse the importance of this gene cluster for xylan utilization, four different segments of the DNA fragment containing the gene cluster were subsequently cloned into pBT-2, a suicide vector, and used to construct disruptions in the B. ovatus ATCC 8483 chromosome ( Fig. 1A) (Weaver et al, 1992). Insertion of this plasmid results in a duplication of the integrated region, which then flanks the vector sequence, which has an approximate length of 14 kb.…”

Section: Xylan Degradation By Gut-associated Bacteroidetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylan degradation, a metabolic property shared by rumen and human colonic Bacteroidetes

Dodd

Mackie

Cann³

2010

Molecular Microbiology

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141

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Summary Microbial inhabitants of the bovine rumen fulfil the majority of the normal caloric requirements of the animal by fermenting lignocellulosic plant polysaccharides and releasing short chain fatty acids that are then metabolized by the host. This process also occurs within the human colon, although the fermentation products contribute less to the overall energy requirements of the host. Mounting evidence, however, indicates that the community structure of the distal gut microbiota is a critical factor that influences the inflammatory potential of the immune system thereby impacting the progression of inflammatory bowel diseases. Non-digestible dietary fibre derived from plant material is highly enriched in the lignocellulosic polysaccharides, cellulose and xylan. Members of the Bacteroidetes constitute a dominant phylum in both the human colonic microbiome and the rumen microbial ecosystem. In the current article, we review recent insights into the molecular mechanisms for xylan degradation by rumen and human commensal members of the Bacteroidetes phylum, and place this information in the context of the physiological and metabolic processes that occur within these complex microbial environments.

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“…It is generally believed that only certain species of bacteria from the human colon can utilize AX (for an overview see Grootaert et al 2007). These include Bacteroides ovatus, which possess a xylan utilization operon similar to the one found in the rumen relative Prevotella bryantii (Weaver et al 1992). Among gram-positive species, Roseburia intestinalis utilizes xylans (Chassard and Bernalier-Donadille 2006) and human gut relatives of R. flavefaciens are also likely to degrade and utilize these molecules.…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIEW: Rye Arabinoxylans: Molecular Structure, Physicochemical Properties and Physiological Effects in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Knudsen

Lærke

2010

Cereal Chem

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Cereal Chem. 87(4):353-362Arabinoxylans (AX) are the main dietary fiber (DF) polysaccharides in rye where they represent ≈55% of the total polysaccharides. Rye AX consist of a backbone of (1→4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl residues (X) mainly substituted with α-L-arabinofuranosyl residues (A) to varying degrees at the O-2 position, the O-3 position, or both. The A/X ratio of total AX is 0.49-0.82 and extractable AX ratio is 0.34-0.85 in different studies. AX also contain small amounts of ferulate residues bound to arabinose as esters at its O-5 position. The weight average molecular weight varies from 40,000 to 900,000 with an average of ≈200,000. AX influence physiology in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The complex molecular structure of rye AX makes them resistant against microbial modification in the small intestine; consequently, rye AX have a much higher influence on the viscosity in the small intestinal digesta than does β-glucan from oats and barley. In spite of that, it has not been possible in studies with AX-rich foods such as bread to demonstrate a significant effect on the postprandial glucose response, however, a significantly reduced insulin response has been seen. Nevertheless, addition of 6 g and 12 g of AX-rich wheat fiber to a breakfast meal has significantly lowered postprandial glucose and insulin response. Studies with hypercholesterolemic pigs fed rye buns rich in AX have resulted in dramatic reductions in plasma total and LDL cholesterol, whereas a gender difference was seen in studies on the effect of AX on plasma lipids in humans. Only certain species of bacteria from the human gut produce the enzymes needed for the degradation of AX. Nevertheless, wheat AX stimulate prebiotic bacteria presumably brought about by cross feeding of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria with degradation products from versatile carbohydrate-degrading bacteria. Soluble AX are readily fermented in the large intestine, the majority is broken down between the ileum and the cecum. AX, characterized by a low degree of substitution and virtually no doubly substituted xylose, are slowly degraded at more distal locations. The remaining AX, characterized by a high degree of substitution, are not degraded at all. Although the fermentation pattern of AX may vary in different experimental models, in vitro fermentation studies and in vivo intervention studies with animals and humans point to AX as substrates that enhance the formation of butyrate in the large intestine.

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Genetic analysis of a locus on the Bacteroides ovatus chromosome which contains xylan utilization genes

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of banana powder (Musa acuminata Colla) on the composition of human fecal microbiota and metabolic output using in vitro fermentation

Effects of banana powder (Musa acuminata Colla) on the composition of human fecal microbiota and metabolic output using in vitro fermentation

Xylan degradation, a metabolic property shared by rumen and human colonic Bacteroidetes

REVIEW: Rye Arabinoxylans: Molecular Structure, Physicochemical Properties and Physiological Effects in the Gastrointestinal Tract

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