Genetic Analyses of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Breeding Traits for Selecting Superior Genotype(s) Using Multivariate and Multi-Traits Indexing Approaches

Abstract

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important food, feed, and cash crop in rice-based agricultural ecosystems in Southeast Asia and other continents. It has the potential to enhance livelihoods due to its palatability, nutritional content, and digestibility. We evaluated 166 diverse mungbean genotypes in two seasons using multivariate and multi-traits index approaches to identify superior genotypes. The total Shannon diversity index (SDI) for qualitative traits ranged from moderate for terminal leaflet shape (0.592) to high for seed colour (1.279). The analysis of variances (ANOVA) indicated a highly significant difference across the genotypes for most of the studied traits. Descriptive analyses showed high diversity among genotypes for all morphological traits. Six components with eigen values larger than one contributed 76.50% of the variability in the principal component analysis (PCA). The first three PCs accounted for the maximum 29.90%, 15.70%, and 11.20% of the total variances, respectively. Yield per plant, pod weight, hundred seed weight, pod length, days to maturity, pods per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant, and pod per cluster contributed more to PC1 and PC2 and showed a positive association and positive direct effect on seed yield. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters with the maximum in cluster II (34) and the minimum in cluster VII (10) along with a range of intra-cluster and inter-cluster distances of 5.15 (cluster II) to 3.60 (cluster VII) and 9.53 (between clusters II and VI) to 4.88 (clusters I and VII), suggesting extreme divergence and the possibility for use in hybridization and selection. Cluster III showed the highest yield and yield-related traits. Yield per plant positively and significantly correlated with pod traits and hundred seed weight. Depending on the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), clusters I, III, and VII might be utilized as parents in the hybridization program to generate high-yielding, disease-resistant, and small-seeded mungbean. Based on all multivariate-approaches, G45, G5, G22, G55, G143, G144, G87, G138, G110, G133, and G120 may be considered as the best parents for further breeding programs.

Potassium augments growth, yield, nutrient content, and drought tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.)

“…From this correlation study, the maximum significant positive correlation (˃ 0.90) was recorded within the seed yield with RV (0.94), RD (0.92), and pods plant −1 (0.92); RD with RV(0.93); RV with pods plant −1 and thousand seed weight with pod length and seeds pod −1 (0.94), and plant height with pods plant −1 (0.93). These results are in agreement with earlier findings 81 , 82 .

Figure 6 Correlation coefficients of yield contributing and growth traits with seed yield of mung bean genotypes under different treatments.

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Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables

“…ANOVA analysis indicated a noteworthy difference for our examined characters. A significant variation in the analysis of variance was found also in agronomic traits of maize [ [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] ], rice [ [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] ], okra [ [81] , [82] , [83] ], broccoli [ 84 ], pulses [ [85] , [86] , [87] ], and coconut [ 88 , 89 ] which confirmed our current findings.…”

Evaluation of yield attributes and bioactive phytochemicals of twenty amaranth genotypes of Bengal floodplain

“…Replication-wise means data of a trait was obtained by averaging the sample mean [ 43 , 44 ]. The average data of various traits were analyzed statistically [ [45] , [46] , [47] ] and biometrically [ 48 , 49 ].…”