Genetic analyses and prediction for lodging‑related traits in a diverse Iranian hexaploid wheat collection

Abstract

Lodging is one of the most important limiting environmental factors for achieving the maximum yield and quality of grains in cereals, including wheat. However, little is known about the genetic foundation underlying lodging resistance (LR) in wheat. In this study, 208 landraces and 90 cultivars were phenotyped in two cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) for 19 LR-related traits. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomics prediction were carried out to dissect the genomic regions of LR. The number of significant marker pairs (MPs) was highest for genome B in both landraces (427,017) and cultivars (37,359). The strongest linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker pairs was found on chromosome 4A (0.318). For stem lodging-related traits, 465, 497, and 478 marker-trait associations (MTAs) and 45 candidate genes were identified in year 1, year 2, and pooled. Gene ontology exhibited genomic region on Chr. 2B, 6B, and 7B control lodging. Most of these genes have key roles in defense response, calcium ion transmembrane transport, carbohydrate metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process, and some genes harbor unknown functions that, all together may respond to lodging as a complex network. The module associated with starch and sucrose biosynthesis was highlighted. Regarding genomic prediction, the GBLUP model performed better than BRR and RRBLUP. This suggests that GBLUP would be a good tool for wheat genome selection. As a result of these findings, it has been possible to identify pivotal QTLs and genes that could be used to improve stem lodging resistance in Triticum aestivum L.

An Optimal Model to Improve Genomic Prediction for Protein Content and Test Weight in a Diverse Spring Wheat Panel

“…We utilized phenotype BLUPs in the GS analysis. While some researchers [21] have recommended the use of BLUEs, considering them more appropriate; whereas, in numerous genomic prediction studies for wheat traits, BLUPs have been commonly utilized to assess genomic prediction accuracy [35,[71][72][73][74]. We calculated for BLUEs across environment for the traits as well and observed a strong correlation between BLUEs and BLUPs, with a correlation coefficient of 1 and 0.99 for GPC and TW, respectively (Table S1), indicating a strong alignment between the two estimators in our specific context which can further be explained by similar ranking of the genotypes for both BLUEs and BLUPs.…”

Dihydrogibberellin improves grain yield and lodging resistance of direct seeded rice

“…Therefore, the total rice yield must be highly dependent on the increase in yield per unit area (Song et al, 2022). Nevertheless, lodging remains an important constraint on cereal crop production, limiting yield and quality (Okuno et al, 2014;Rabieyan et al, 2024). The lodging of DSR is primarily caused by excessive growth at the base of the plant and thin culm walls, resulting in an imbalance between the upper and lower parts of the plant (Kaur et al, 2017).…”