Genetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Ad hoc networks are made up of a collection of wireless mobile nodes that form a temporary network with no pre-existing infrastructure or centralized management.Routing policies are crucial in determining how traffic is forwarded across a network. Adhoc networks necessitate a routing method that is very adaptable. Finding the shortest path (SP) between source and destination in a specific period of time to meet Quality of Service standards is one of the most common issues in these networks (QoS). QoS routing is difficult in an Ad hoc network because the topology changes frequently and it takes time since many QoS criteria such as distance, cost, and energy are all variable, and the state information supplied for routing is inherently faulty. The optimum path for Adhoc networks is found using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) in this paper.GA uses natural evolution-inspired methodologies to find answers to optimization problems. Crossover and mutation operations, as well as the proper chromosome structure, are all defined.

Study and Analysis of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

“…Consequently, interference and fading effects are reduced when signal noise is deactivated. A complex signal processing technique is used in the transmitter and receiver sections of the radio to generate the OFDM modulation [8][9][10]. These techniques are known as Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) and Inverse FFTs.…”

“…Because of their ability to adjust to channel conditions, it makes them ideal for difficult channels. OFDM is a great choice for 4G communications, its main disadvantage is its PAPR [7][8]. A more efficient modeling method that is less time consuming and more efficient than OFDM, is orthogonal multiplexing division (OFDM).…”

“…In order to facilitate mail-order correspondences, OFDM is used in multiple remote correspondence benchmarks, such as digital video broadcasting (DVB). OFDM, however, poses several challenges for its development [8]. One of the major challenges is the higher PAPR.…”