Genetic Affinities of the Balts: A Study of Blood Groups, Serum Proteins and Enzymes of Lithuanians in the United Kingdom

Rg, Harvey; Tills, D.; Warlow, A.; Kopeć, Ada C.; Domaniewska-Sobczak, Kazimiera; Suter, Diana; Lord, J. Michael

doi:10.2307/2801596

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…People in the different regions of Lithuania seemed to have lived in a relative isolation for a long time because of an inaccessible nature of the terrain. On the landward side, their territory was bounded by the vast forests and swamps, which could have resulted in partial genetic isolation of the Lithuanians, as explained by Urnikyte et al (2019) [11,22,23]. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree ( Figure 5), which represents the divergence between the ethnolinguistic regions of Lithuania, contradicts the division of the Lithuanian population into two main monophyletic groups (three groups of Žemaitija and three groups of Aukštaitija) on the basis of linguistic differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Effective Population Size and Divergence Time in the Lithuanian Population According to High-Density Genotyping Data

Urnikytė

Molytė

Pranckevičienė

et al. 2020

Genes

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The prehistory of the Lithuanian population and genetic relationship to other populations are poorly studied. Thus, the Lithuanian population, as an object of study, is interesting due to its partial isolation with genetic distinctiveness within the European context and with preserved ancient genetic composition. The main objects of this study was to infer demographic parameters, effective population size (Ne), and divergence time using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data generated with the Illumina HumanOmmiExpress-12v1.1 array in 295 individuals from the Lithuanian population and to compare our data with other populations from the Human Genome Cell Line Diversity Panel (HGDP-CEPH). We also aimed to reconstruct past events between the main ethnolinguistic regions-Aukštaitija and Žemaitija of Lithuania. Historically, these regions probably developed as two independent Baltic tribes. Our results of Ne in the Lithuanian population through time demonstrated a substantial reduction of Ne over the 150,000-25,000 years before present (YBP). The estimated long-term Ne of the Lithuanian population is quite low-it equals 5404, which likely is a consequence of the bottlenecks associated with the last glacial period of 25,000-12,000 YBP in Europe. The obtained divergence time estimates between the study populations are in agreement with recent studies. The reconstructed past events in Aukštaitija and Žemaitija showed significant differences between these two regions of Lithuania.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Effective Population Size and Divergence Time in the Lithuanian Population According to High-Density Genotyping Data

Urnikytė

Molytė

Pranckevičienė

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…In contrast, the middle Lithuanian land was unsuitable to live permanently due to the extreme cold climate before 11,000 years ago 5 . People in the different regions of Lithuania seem to have lived in relative isolation for a long time because of the inaccessible nature of the terrain, bounded on the landward side by vast forests and swamps 26,27 . Thus, if genetic differences between Lithuanians from different geographical regions existed, these disappeared in the contemporary population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until the late Middle Ages, the eastern Baltic region was one of the most isolated corners of Europe 27 . Moreover, after the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, the eastern Baltic region was spared by the subsequent population movements of the Migration Period 26,28 , which allowed the most archaic of all the living speaking Indo-European languages 1 to survive. Thus, Lithuanians could retain their cultural identity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of genetic structure and adaptive positive selection in the Lithuanian population from high-density SNP data

Urnikytė

Flores-Bello

Mondal

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The analysis of geographically specific regions and the characterization of fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity may facilitate a much better understanding of the microevolutionary processes affecting local human populations. Here we generated genome-wide high-density SNP genotype data in 425 individuals from six geographical regions in Lithuania and combined our dataset with available ancient and modern data to explore genetic population structure, ancestry components and signatures of natural positive selection in the Lithuanian population. Our results show that Lithuanians are a homogenous population, genetically differentiated from neighbouring populations but within the general expected European context. Moreover, we not only confirm that Lithuanians preserve one of the highest proportions of western, Scandinavian and eastern hunter-gather ancestry components found in European populations but also that of an steppe Early to Middle Bronze Age pastoralists, which together configure the genetic distinctiveness of the Lithuanian population. Finally, among the top signatures of positive selection detected in Lithuanians, we identified several candidate genes related with diet ( PNLIP , PPARD ), pigmentation ( SLC 2 4A5 , TYRP1 and PPARD ) and the immune response ( BRD2 , HLA-DOA , IL26 and IL22 ).

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“…Thus, these two loci, that is, COMT and RHD , could potentially account for an effect of similar size at the population level. Of course, the allele frequencies at the RHD locus differ across populations, with the d allele being less common in some populations than others (e.g., P (D) = .76 in a study conducted in Nairobi [ 72 ] compared to P (D) = .66 in the Finnish population [ 73 ]). Thus, the frequency of Rhesus negative mothers having Rhesus positive children will vary across populations.…”

Section: Rhd Maternal-fetal Genotype Incompatibmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Maternal-Fetal Genotype Incompatibility as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia

Palmer¹

2010

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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Prenatal/obstetric complications are implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility. Some complications may arise from maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility, a term used to describe maternal-fetal genotype combinations that produce an adverse prenatal environment. A review of maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility studies suggests that schizophrenia susceptibility is increased by maternal-fetal genotype combinations at the RHD and HLA-B loci. Maternal-fetal genotype combinations at these loci are hypothesized to have an effect on the maternal immune system during pregnancy which can affect fetal neurodevelopment and increase schizophrenia susceptibility. This article reviews maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility studies and schizophrenia and discusses the hypothesized biological role of these ‘‘incompatibility genes”. It concludes that research is needed to further elucidate the role of RHD and HLA-B maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility in schizophrenia and to identify other genes that produce an adverse prenatal environment through a maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility mechanism. Efforts to develop more sophisticated study designs and data analysis techniques for modeling maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility effects are warranted.

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Genetic Affinities of the Balts: A Study of Blood Groups, Serum Proteins and Enzymes of Lithuanians in the United Kingdom

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Inferring Effective Population Size and Divergence Time in the Lithuanian Population According to High-Density Genotyping Data

Inferring Effective Population Size and Divergence Time in the Lithuanian Population According to High-Density Genotyping Data

Patterns of genetic structure and adaptive positive selection in the Lithuanian population from high-density SNP data

Evidence for Maternal-Fetal Genotype Incompatibility as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia

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