Genetic affinities between the migrant and parental populations of fishermen, East coast, India

Reddy, B. Mohan; Chopra, Virendra P.; Rodewaldt, Alexander; Dey, Badal; Veerraju, P.; Reddy, T. R. S.; Balakrishna, A.; Rao, T. V.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310070108

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Gripping and tactile sensitivity are 2 major functions believed to be associated with the epidermal ridges on the palmar surface of the fingers (Cummins & Midlo, 1943). However, most studies in dermatoglyphics have focused on dermatoglyphic variables within and between various populations across the world (White, 1979 ;Crawford & Duggirala, 1992 ;Sirajuddin et al 1994 ;Reddy & Chopra, 1999) or between sexes (Esteban & Moral, 1993 ;Krishnan & Reddy, 1994 ;Acree, 1999). Links between dermatoglyphics and disease or congenital abnormalities have also been explored (Minkov, 1982 ;Singh et al 1983 ;Rajangam et al 1995 ;Fananas et al 1996 ;Gutierrez et al 1998 ;Than et al 1998 ;Brill and Stier, 1999).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of the number of Meissner's corpuscles to dermatoglyphic characters and finger size

2001

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This study investigated the relationships between the density of Meissner's corpuscles and the dermatoglyphic characteristics of human fingers. Dermatoglyphic prints and tissue samples were collected from the index (II) and ring (IV) fingers of 28 cadavers from the Medical School, University of Adelaide. Pattern types, pattern intensity, total ridge count and ridge breadth, were determined for each sample and the density of Meissner's corpuscles established by recording the mean number of Meissner's corpuscles underlying a 10 mm long line on the skin surface. No relationship was found between the density of Meissner's corpuscles and pattern type, pattern intensity or total ridge count. Negative correlations were found for the density of Meissner's corpuscles with both ridge width and size of fingers. Males were found to have significantly larger fingers, larger ridge breadth, and a lower density of Meissner's corpuscles per 10 mm compared with females. However, there was no difference between the total number of Meissner's corpuscles per finger in males and females. No significant differences were found in either the density of Meissner's corpuscles between antimeres or between the index and ring fingers. These results suggest that for both the left and right hand in males and females, there is a similar number of Meissner's corpuscles for both the index and ring fingers.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of the number of Meissner's corpuscles to dermatoglyphic characters and finger size

2001

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“…Nevertheless, it is basically at this level of Mendelian units that the forces of evolution operate, and hence it is imperative to study microevolution among such populations. Many earlier attempts have been made to understand microdifferentiation among such populations using traditional markers as well as other biological variables (Karve and Malhotra 1968;Basu 1969;Malhotra 1978a and1978b;Malhotra et al 1978;Reddy et al 1987Reddy et al , 1989Reddy et al , 1995Murty et al 1993;Sirajuddin et al 1994;Ramana et al 1996). However, the resolving power of such markers is expected to be low and unreliable, especially at the level of endogamous subcastes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic Diversity at Thirteen Short Tandem Repeat Loci in a Substructured Caste Population, Golla, of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India

Reddy¹,

Sun²,

Luis³

et al. 2001

Human Biology

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Genomic diversity based on 13 short tandem repeat (STR) loci was studied in seven population groups of a substructured Golla caste from Chittoor district in southern Andhra Pradesh, India. These groups are traditionally pastoral, culturally homogeneous, and strictly endogamous. Blood samples were drawn from 317 individuals from 30 Golla villages. The 13 STR loci analyzed in five standard multiplex polymerase chain reactions were: (1) CSF1R, TH01, and PLA2A; (2) F13A1, CYP19, and LPL; (3) D21S1446 and D21S1435; (4) D20S481, D20S473, and D20S604; and (5) D5S1453 and D6S1006. The average heterozygosity was found to be low among the Golla subgroups (0.64-0.70) in comparison to that of groups at the upper levels of the hierarchy. The coefficient of gene differentiation was found to be moderate (average G ST = 0.031; range between 0.018 and 0.049 among the loci) when compared to that observed for a similar class of markers among populations with relatively higher levels of hierarchy, for example, among castes. It is, however, much higher when compared to the average observed for Indian caste and tribal populations, based on classical markers. Genetic distance measures revealed clusters of populations that are consistent with the known ethnohistorical and geographical backgrounds of the groups. We claim that these hypervariable markers are quite useful in understanding the process of substructuring within the Indian castes, leading to the formation of smaller breeding isolates, the basic Mendelian units within which microevolutionary forces operate.One of the most remarkable features of the Indian population structure is its clear division into strictly defined endogamous groups. At the broadest level, the pop-

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“…Some of these processes may be implicit in the patterns of population structure, and the R-matrix analysis, particularly the regression of mean heterozygosity/phenotypic variance on the distance of populations from the centroid (Harpending and Ward 1982;Relethford and Blangero 1990), is supposed to offer useful insights in this regard. The above proponents of the model and many other later investigators (Devor et al 1984;Relethford 1985;Jantz and Meadows 1995;Puppala and Crawford 1996;Reddy and Chopra 1999;Reddy et al 2000) found encouraging results in their application of the model to several case studies involving local populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand this traditional population structure and study its role in shaping human biological diversity in India. In the past, many attempts have been made to understand the process of microdifferentiation among subdivided populations using traditional genetic markers (blood groups, red cell enzymes, and serum proteins) and other biological variables (Karve and Malhotra 1968;Basu 1969;Malhotra 1978aMalhotra , 1978bMalhotra et al 1978;Reddy and Chopra 1999;Reddy et al 1987Reddy et al , 1989Reddy et al , 1995Reddy et al , 2000Murty et al 1993;Sirajuddin et al 1994;Ramana et al 1996). However, with the realization that molecular genetic markers help answer questions pertaining to microevolution more precisely, and particularly after the development of rapid screening techniques using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the focus has turned towards using these markers for resolving questions of both short-and long-term evolution of human populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Substructure and Patterns of Quantitative Variation among the Gollas of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India

Reddy¹,

Pfeffer²,

Crawford³

et al. 2001

Human Biology

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Population substructure and biological differentiation was studied among the Golla, a pastoral caste living in the southern areas of Andhra Pradesh (AP) in India, using 11 anthropometric measurements and 20 quantitative dermatoglyphic variables. The data were collected from a sample of 334 adult males drawn from 30 villages distributed in the Chittoor district of AP, who belonged to 8 endogamous subunits of the same caste. Multiple discriminant analysis of the anthropometrics suggests a highly significant degree of discrimination that is consistent with the microgeographic variations of the groups. In contrast, in different sets of dermatoglyphs discrimination is low and generally inconsistent with both the geographic and ethnohistorical affiliations of the groups. These findings are reflected in the F ST value for anthropometry, which is more than double the value of dermatoglyphs. The patterns of gene flow as inferred through the regression of phenotypic variance on the distance of groups from the centroid is not generally consistent with the known backgrounds in the case of either dermatoglyphs or anthropometry. It is concluded that at the level of caste substructure representing the lowest level of population hierarchy, the quantitative variables examined here may not portray a complete picture of the historical process of subdivision. The results of this study are not in congruence with those based on another study of 13 short tandem repeat loci on the same set of populations (Reddy et al. 2001), which may provide better insights into the population structure and history of subdivision that are consistent with the known ethnohistorical backgrounds of the populations.India offers immense scope and a variety of situations to study the processes of population subdivision and their microevolutionary significance. India's population structure is remarkable in that the population is divided into a large number of strictly defined endogamous castes, tribes, and religious groups. However, most unique and fundamental to the Indian population structure is the existence

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Genetic affinities between the migrant and parental populations of fishermen, East coast, India

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

The relationship of the number of Meissner's corpuscles to dermatoglyphic characters and finger size

The relationship of the number of Meissner's corpuscles to dermatoglyphic characters and finger size

Genomic Diversity at Thirteen Short Tandem Repeat Loci in a Substructured Caste Population, Golla, of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India

Population Substructure and Patterns of Quantitative Variation among the Gollas of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India

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