Genetic Adaptations, Biases, and Evolutionary Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Asia-4 Lineage in a Fatal Outbreak of Wild-Caught Civets in Thailand

Piewbang, Chutchai; Chansaenroj, Jira; Kongmakee, Piyaporn; Banlunara, Wijit; Poovorawan, Yong; Techangamsuwan, Somporn

doi:10.3390/v12040361

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…35 It has been proposed that FeMV might be a cause of renal disease in domestic cats but this is yet to be confirmed due to inconsistent results in recent publications, 4,15,36 the evidence of FeMV localization in renal tubular epithelial cells in cats with renal disease warrants further clarification as to whether FeMV isolates are associated with the disease. The CDV, as the FeMV counterpart, has been reported as a pathogen causing fatal outbreaks in various carnivores including wild felids, 8,16 supporting the possible role of morbillivirus infection across a diverse range of hosts. Thus, we were interested in investigating whether FeMV was associated with disease in wild felids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Feline Morbillivirus Infection Associated With Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Black Leopards (Panthera pardus)

et al. 2020

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Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging RNA virus in the Paramyxoviridae family that was recently discovered in domestic cats ( Felis catus). To date, 2 genotypes (FeMV-1 and FeMV-2) have been detected in cats from various countries, and FeMV-1 is recognized as a pathogen associated with nephritis. However, information regarding the pathological roles and potential transmission to other felids is limited. In this article, we describe the identification of FeMV in 2 black leopards ( Panthera pardus) in Thailand that showed severe azotemia and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Molecular analysis of the partial coding sequence of the L gene revealed that these leopard FeMV strains were genetically close to the FeMV-1 isolate from domestic Thai cats. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses using polyclonal IgG antibodies against the FeMV matrix (M) protein showed FeMV-M antigen in renal tubular epithelial cells. These analyses also showed infiltrating lymphocytes in the renal parenchymal lesions and in the cytoplasm of lymphoid cells residing in the spleen, suggesting viral tropism and a possible pathological role. These findings are the first evidence that indicates that the black leopard could be a possible host for FeMV infection. As for other cats, the role of FeMV as a potential cause of renal disease remains to be established. The pathogenesis of FeMV infection in black leopards, or in other wild felids, through a viral transmission mechanism warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Feline Morbillivirus Infection Associated With Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Black Leopards (Panthera pardus)

et al. 2020

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“…Among the paramyxoviruses, viruses in the Morbillivirus genus are the most virulent and contagious pathogens, and they are also recognized as the most common pathogen threatening both humans and animals. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a member of morbillivirus that commonly causes fatal systemic disease in dogs, is able to break the interspecies barrier and cause infection in multiple species of both wild territorial and marine mammals (Beineke et al., 2015; Piewbang, Chansaenroj et al., 2020; Takeda et al., 2020). Tracking morbillivirus evolution and monitoring its infection of new host species are, therefore, crucial for disease control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline morbillivirus‐1 in dogs with respiratory diseases

Piewbang

Wardhani

Dankaona

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Feline morbillivirus‐1 (FeMV‐1) is a viral pathogen associated with kidney disease in domestic cats and wild felids. We initially identified the FeMV‐1 from the lung of a necropsied dog with severe pulmonary disease by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Thereafter, we investigated FeMV‐1 in nasal and oral swab samples from 73 healthy and 113 dogs with respiratory illnesses. We found polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive FeMV‐1 from only 14/113 (12.39%) dogs with respiratory disease (p = .001). Of these 14 dogs, six were co‐infected with other canine respiratory viruses (6/14; 42.86%). Two independent immunohistochemistry procedures, using antibodies against matrix and phosphoprotein of FeMV‐1, confirmed the presence of FeMV‐1 in lung tissues of two necropsied dogs (out of a total of 22 dogs, 9.09%) that died from respiratory disease. This finding corresponded to transmission electron microscopy findings that paramyxoviral particles exist in lung epithelia. FeMV‐1 antigen localization was also evident in the kidney, lymphoid and brain tissues of two deceased dogs. FeMV‐1 was successfully isolated from a necropsied dog and from two living dogs, all with respiratory illnesses, which supports FeMV infection in dogs. The detection of FeMV‐1 in dog tissues expands the known tropism of this virus to a non‐felid host. Our findings indicate that FeMV‐1, alone or in co‐infection with other viral pathogens, might contribute to respiratory illness and death in dogs.

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“…Since the H and F genes of other morbilliviruses, notably the CDV, have played crucial roles associating cellular tropism and host membrane fusion, antigenic and sequence variations may alter the virulence of the virus [4]. Furthermore, the antigenic variation of the CDV H gene is used as geographic signature to identify the origin of the CDV, resulting in widely used for lineage classification [3,[28][29][30]. Therefore, the genetic variations of the H and F genes of the FeMVs have been focused and interpreted in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and genome analysis of feline morbillivirus in household and shelter cats in Thailand

et al. 2020

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Background: Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) has been discovered in domestic cats associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis, but FeMV is also detected in healthy cats. This research aimed to identify and characterize the FeMV strains detected in a Thai cat population. Results: Two-hundred and ninety-two samples (131 urine and 161 blood) derived from 261 cats (61 sheltered and 200 household cats) were included for investigating the FeMV prevalence using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The overall prevalence of FeMV detection was 11.9% (31/261) among both samples, which accounted for 14.5% (19/131) and 7.5% (12/161) of the urine and blood samples, respectively. Among the FeMV-PCR positive cats, the FeMV-detected prevalence was insignificantly associated with healthy cats (58.1%; 18/31) or urologic cats (41.9%; 13/31). Full-length genome analysis of these FeMV-Thai strains revealed that their genomes clustered together in the FeMV-1A clade with up to 98.5% nucleotide identity. Selective pressure analysis showed that overall FeMV-1 has undergone negative selection, while positive selection sites were more frequently observed in the phosphoprotein gene. Conclusions: The detected FeMV infections in the Thai cat population were not correlated with urologic disorders, although the virus was more detectable in urine samples. The genetic patterns among the FeMV-1 Thai strains were more consistent. A large-scale study of FeMV in Thai cat samples is needed for further elucidation.

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Genetic Adaptations, Biases, and Evolutionary Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Asia-4 Lineage in a Fatal Outbreak of Wild-Caught Civets in Thailand

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Feline Morbillivirus Infection Associated With Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Black Leopards (Panthera pardus)

Feline Morbillivirus Infection Associated With Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in Black Leopards (Panthera pardus)

Feline morbillivirus‐1 in dogs with respiratory diseases

Molecular epidemiology and genome analysis of feline morbillivirus in household and shelter cats in Thailand

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