Genesis of Tornadoes Associated with Hurricanes

Gentry, R. Cecil

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<1793:gotawh>2.0.co;2

Cited by 60 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…Three of these tornadoes occurred during the afternoon of 18 August; the other two occurred as Erin rapidly intensified across west-central Oklahoma that night. While it is common for the ambient environment associated with an inland tropical system to favor tornadic development (Gentry 1983), it is not common for these tornadoes to evolve near a mesonet with 1-min observations for analysis. One tornadic storm in particular is noteworthy because its development was sampled both in situ by the Minco Mesonet station (MINC) and remotely by WSR-88D sites at Twin Lakes (KTLX) and Frederick (KFDR), Oklahoma.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the Overland Reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007)

Arndt¹,

Basara²,

McPherson³

et al. 2009

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the Overland Reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007)

Arndt¹,

Basara²,

McPherson³

et al. 2009

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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“…Forecasters expect the possibility of tornadoes with any landfalling hurricane, although they are rare events, because research into their nature has been widely promulgated (Novlan and Gray 1974;Gentry 1983;McCaul 1991). The diagnoses of the hybrid cases, which have tropical and extratropical characteristics of varying degrees, are not nearly as clear due to their complexity and rarity.…”

Section: ) Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In eight of the nine cases, tornadoes occurred in the right-front quadrant of the cyclone. This is consistent with previous research such as Novlan and Gray (1974) and Gentry (1983). Only two of the nine cases had tornadoes near the center.…”

Section: ) Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exceptions were case studies of isolated wet season tor-nadoes by Hiser (1968), Gerrish (1969), and Holle and Maier (1980); studies of waterspouts by Golden (1971); one case study of a severe weather outbreak (Colin 1983); and general information on Florida tornadoes contained in large-scale climatologies such as Wolford (1960), Novlan and Gray (1974), Gentry (1983), Fujita (1987), Anthony (1988), and Grazulis (1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peninsular Florida Tornado Outbreaks

Hagemeyer

1997

Wea. Forecasting

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An analysis of statistics for 1448 tornadoes documented by the National Severe Storms Forecast Center from 1950 through 1994 at, or south of, 30Њ latitude in Florida was completed to determine the definition of a peninsular Florida tornado outbreak and develop a tornado outbreak climatology. A peninsular Florida tornado outbreak was defined as the occurrence of four or more tornadoes in 4 h or less. Thirty-five outbreak cases were identified. After a review of all available synoptic data for each case, they were categorized into three basic types: 1) those associated with extratropical cyclones (27 cases), 2) those associated with tropical cyclones of tropical storm or hurricane strength (5 cases), and 3) those associated with hybrid cyclones having both tropical and extratropical characteristics (3 cases). A detailed climatology covering spatial and temporal aspects of outbreak characteristics was completed. Mean severe weather indices, thermodynamic soundings, and hodographs were produced for each outbreak type. Case studies of each type of outbreak are presented to complement the climatology and mean environment information.It was found that tornado outbreaks account for 3.4% of all tornado days but caused 61% of all tornado deaths and 62% of tornado injuries. Most tornado deaths occurred in trailers or mobile homes. Extratropical outbreak tornadoes were most common from midmorning to early afternoon, while tropical outbreak tornadoes occurred mostly in the afternoon and evening. The outbreaks produced a much greater percentage of strong and violent tornadoes compared to the general tornado population. Hybrid outbreaks were the most consistently dangerous of the three types of outbreaks. Fundamental differences and similarities among the three outbreak environments are presented using mean soundings and case studies. The basic ingredients for tornado development in each type of outbreak were found to be the presence of strong low-level winds and shear, and enough instability to support thunderstorm development.

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“…Broadly, tornadoes 30 in Florida occur within lines of thunderstorms ahead of an advancing cold front from the north-31 west, within single isolated thunderstorms, or within the rotating thunderstorms associated with 32 a tropical cyclone (Hagemeyer 1997;Hagemeyer and Schmocker 1991;Gentry 1983). Since the 33 atmosphere across Florida typically has enough water vapor to support thunderstorms due to its 34 proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, the essential ingredient for tornadoes are 35 winds above the ground moving with increasing speeds and with veering directions (wind shear).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%