Genesis of the East African Rift System

WoldeGabriel, Giday; Olago, Daniel; Dindi, E.; Owor, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28622-8_2

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…An analogous tectonic scenario can currently be observed in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, resulting from the fracturing of the African Plate. The tectonic depressions are occupied by elongated and narrow lakes and river systems, reflecting the rift morphology that extends regionally (> 3000 km) from Mozambique to Ethiopia 47 , 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of Late Triassic clam shrimps across Pangea linking northwestern Gondwana and central Pangea rift basins

Alarcón,

Colombi,

Gallego

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Clam shrimps are a group of freshwater crustaceans who prospered during the Late Triassic. They were abundant in lacustrine sedimentary records of continental basins distributed throughout Pangea during this time. However, they show significant taxonomic differences between the clamp shrimp faunas from the rift basins of central Pangea and the southern Gondwanan basins. In this contribution, we show new fossil clam shrimp assemblages from the lacustrine sedimentary successions of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (the Bocas and Montebel formations), providing information on the Late Triassic species that inhabited the northwestern Gondwana basins. This study demonstrates that the basins of northwestern Gondwana shared Norian clamp shrimp species with rift basins of central Pangea and differed in their faunas with the basins of the southern portion of Gondwana. In addition, the Late Triassic clam shrimps paleobiogeographic distribution reflects the dispersal of this fauna throughout fluvial-lacustrine environments established in the rift valleys along the central Pangea. Therefore, the rift valleys produced during the early fragmentation of central Pangea could have acted as corridors for dispersion. Simultaneously, rift valleys also provided paleobiogeographic barriers that isolated the central Pangea clam shrimp faunas from southern Gondwana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of Late Triassic clam shrimps across Pangea linking northwestern Gondwana and central Pangea rift basins

Alarcón,

Colombi,

Gallego

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Faults in the SMER show a dominant N–S to N20° trend and age of faulting is estimated to be around ∼18 Ma [ 37 , [41] , [42] , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Beginning in early Pleistocene (about 1.6 Ma ago), the youngest faults (Wonji Fault Belt -WFB) began to form on the rift floor [ 18 , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] ]. Despite the MER's general NE-SW trend, the WFB is characterized by active extension fractures and normal faults that have an NNE-SSW trend.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated geophysical methods to constrain subsurface structures of Tulu Moye-Bora-Berecha axial volcanic complex, main Ethiopia rift: Implications for geothermal resources

Hilemichaeil,

Haile,

Yirgu

2024

Heliyon

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“…In addition to these works, the broad review of 300 million years of Rift Valley Lakes in central and east Africa (Benvenuti et al, 2002), the Paleoenvironment of Lake Abijata, Ethiopia, during the past 2000 years by Bonnefille et al (1986), the study on the Late Quaternary lacustrine sediments of the Zeway-Shala Basin by Balemwald (1998), the research on Late Quaternary Lake Levels in the Rift Valley of Southern Ethiopia and elsewhere in Tropical Africa by Grove and Goudie (1971) and Grove et al (1975), examined the paleolake environment which is a key to understand the present hydrological dynamics in the CRV. The study on the evolution of the northern part of the Ethiopian Rift by Kazmin et al (1980) and the work of that of Giday et al (2016) and related the structural and geomorphic features of the EARS with the genesis of the rift valley lakes.…”

Section: Geological and Structural Setup Of The Crvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Groundwater research in the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes region

et al. 2023

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Despite its proximity to many research institutions in the country and prevailing environmental and water security challenges, water resources research in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia has few decades of history. Research undertaken so far, mainly focus on the lakes' environment and anthropogenic activities in their proximities. Worsening deterioration of the water resources and environmental conditions; and the need to address overlooked but determinant natural and anthropogenic processes spurred a critical review of what has been done so far. This work provides an overview of the history of water research in the central rift valley and tries to reveal research gaps related to surface water-groundwater interaction, water quality, and changing trends in the hydro ecosystem and possible causes. Apart from this, articles dealing with the geological and structural setup of the central rift valley were systematically reviewed to show their control over the hydrologic system. The review work has revealed that although the current state of the central rift valley is a product of anthropogenic and geogenic processes; which are happening within the sub-basin and its adjacent basins that need to be addressed at a higher thematic, spatial, and temporal scopes, there is gap in reviewed research, to address the issue at this level. The forefront environmental challenges and the need for quick fixes, lack of data, and funding are found to be some of the reasons to limit the scope of research activities, mainly to shallow groundwater zones and surface hydrological processes around the lakes. This approach has hindered seeing the bigger picture and resulted in ineffective environmental and natural resources restoration measures and policy decisions.

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Genesis of the East African Rift System

Cited by 11 publications

References 154 publications

Dispersal of Late Triassic clam shrimps across Pangea linking northwestern Gondwana and central Pangea rift basins

Dispersal of Late Triassic clam shrimps across Pangea linking northwestern Gondwana and central Pangea rift basins

Integrated geophysical methods to constrain subsurface structures of Tulu Moye-Bora-Berecha axial volcanic complex, main Ethiopia rift: Implications for geothermal resources

Review: Groundwater research in the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes region

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