Genesis and Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses

Yang, Lei; Zhu, Wenfei; Li, Xiaodan; Bo, Hong; Zhang, Ye; Zou, Shumei; Gao, Rongbao; Dong, Jie; Zhao, Xiang; Chen, Wenbing; Dong, Libo; Zou, Xiaohui; Y, Xing; Wang, Dayan; Shu, Yuelong

doi:10.1128/jvi.02199-16

Cited by 68 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Clearly, H5N6 viruses are capable of receiving gene segments, even including the HA gene, from different subtypes and can act as the genomic source for other subtypes, such as H3N6 (17,18). A careful monitoring of H5N6 viruses in LPMs and wild birds is evidently necessary to help prevent the virus from establishing itself in the human population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

J Virol

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H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) has posed a potential threat to public health since its emergence in China in 2013. To understand the evolution and emergence of H5N6 AIV in the avian population, we performed molecular surveillance of live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wugang Prefecture, Hunan Province, in central China, during 2014 and 2015. Wugang Prefecture is located on the Eastern Asian-Australian migratory bird flyway, and a human death due to an H5N6 virus was reported in the prefecture on 21 November 2016. In total, we sampled and sequenced the complete genomes of 175 H5N6 AIVs. Notably, our analysis revealed that H5N6 AIVs contain at least six genotypes arising from segment reassortment, including a rare variant that possesses an HA gene derived from H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and a novel NP gene that has its origins with H7N3 viruses. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed that genetically similar H5N6 AIVs tend to cluster according to their geographic regions of origin. These results help to reveal the evolutionary behavior of influenza viruses prior to their emergence in humans.IMPORTANCE The newly emerged H5N6 influenza A virus has caused more than 10 human deaths in China since 2013. In November 2016, a human death due to an H5N6 virus, in Wugang Prefecture, Hunan Province, was confirmed by the WHO. To better understand the evolution and emergence of H5N6 viruses, we surveyed live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wugang Prefecture before the reported human death, with a focus on revealing the diversity and genomic origins of H5N6 in birds during 2014 and 2015. In general, H5N6 viruses in this region were most closely related to H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4, with the exception of one virus with an HA gene derived from clade 2.3.2 such that it represents a novel reassortant. Clearly, the ongoing surveillance of LPMs is central to monitoring the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Emerging pathogens. In the last few years a number of emerging viruses have been identified globally, including FLU subtypes (H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9 [106][107][108]) and CoV strains (MERS-CoV [109]\and SARS-CoV [110]). A number of guidelines have been published to help in the diagnosis and management of these emerging pathogens (111)(112)(113).…”

Section: Other Us and International Guidelines Concerning Specific mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYRespiratory viral infections are associated with a wide range of acute syndromes and infectious disease processes in children and adults worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, and these viruses are spread largely via respiratory means between humans but also occasionally from animals to humans. This article is an American Society for Microbiology (ASM)-sponsored Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology (PGCM) document identifying best practices for diagnosis and characterization of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections and replaces the most recent prior version of the ASM-sponsored Cumitech 21 document,Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Disease, published in 1986. The scope of the original document was quite broad, with an emphasis on clinical diagnosis of a wide variety of infectious agents and laboratory focus on antigen detection and viral culture. The new PGCM document is designed to be used by laboratorians in a wide variety of diagnostic and public health microbiology/virology laboratory settings worldwide. The article provides guidance to a rapidly changing field of diagnostics and outlines the epidemiology and clinical impact of acute respiratory viral infections, including preferred methods of specimen collection and current methods for diagnosis and characterization of viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections. Compared to the case in 1986, molecular techniques are now the preferred diagnostic approaches for the detection of acute respiratory viruses, and they allow for automation, high-throughput workflows, and near-patient testing. These changes require quality assurance programs to prevent laboratory contamination as well as strong preanalytical screening approaches to utilize laboratory resources appropriately. Appropriate guidance from laboratorians to stakeholders will allow for appropriate specimen collection, as well as correct test ordering that will quickly identify highly transmissible emerging pathogens.

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“…It is well-known that contact with live poultry or exposure to a contaminated environment is the main source of human infection with the H5 subtype HPAI virus. Unfortunately, the H5 subtype avian influenza virus has been circulating in live poultry in China (18)(19)(20), and along with chicken consumption, this will increase the risk of human infections. Moreover, several clusters of human infection with H5 subtype virus epidemics have been confirmed (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of a Novel Reassortant H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Identified from a 10-Year-Old Girl

Dong

Wang

et al. 2020

Jpn J Infect Dis

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Genesis and Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses

Abstract: Clade 2.3

Cited by 68 publications

References 51 publications

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

Genetic Characterization of a Novel Reassortant H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Identified from a 10-Year-Old Girl

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