Genes regulating gland development in the cotton plant

Janga, Madhusudhana R.; Pandeya, Devendra; Campbell, LeAnne M.; Konganti, Kranti; Villafuerte, Stephany Toinga; Puckhaber, Lorraine S.; Pepper, Alan E.; Stipanovic, Robert D.; Scheffler, Jodi A.; Rathore, Keerti S.

doi:10.1111/pbi.13044

Cited by 51 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…CGF2 has a mild effect on gland density, while silencing CGF1 and CGF3 resulted in a dramatic reduction in gland numbers. CGF3 is identical to the previously identified GoPGF gene, and extensive mutations in the promoter of A/D subgenomes contributed to the variation of gland phenotypes (Janga et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The gland localized CGP1 controls gland pigmentation and gossypol accumulation in cotton

Gao

Long

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Pigment glands, also known as black glands or gossypol glands, are specific for Gossypium spp. These glands strictly confine large amounts of secondary metabolites to the lysigenous cavity, leading to the glands’ intense colour and providing defence against pests and pathogens. This study performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of glanded versus glandless cotton cultivars. Twenty‐two transcription factors showed expression patterns associated with pigment glands and were characterized. Phenotypic screening of the genes, via virus‐induced gene silencing, showed an apparent disappearance of pigmented glands after the silencing of a pair of homologous MYB‐encoding genes in the A and D genomes (designated as CGP1). Further study showed that CGP1a encodes an active transcription factor, which is specifically expressed in the gland structure, while CGP1d encodes a non‐functional protein due to a fragment deletion, which causes premature termination. RNAi‐mediated silencing and CRISPR knockout of CGP1 in glanded cotton cultivars generated a glandless‐like phenotype, similar to the dominant glandless mutant Gl2e. Microscopic analysis showed that CGP1 knockout did not affect gland structure or density, but affected gland pigmentation. The levels of gossypol and related terpenoids were significantly decreased in cgp1 mutants, and a number of gossypol biosynthetic genes were strongly down‐regulated. CGP1 is located in the nucleus where it interacts with GoPGF, a critical transcription factor for gland development and gossypol synthesis. Our data suggest that CGP1 and GoPGF form heterodimers to control the synthesis of gossypol and other secondary metabolites in cotton.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The gland localized CGP1 controls gland pigmentation and gossypol accumulation in cotton

Gao

Long

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…The expression pattern of GauGRAS1 was different from that of another known gland development related to gene GauPGF (Figure S21) (Figure ). These findings indicated that GauGRAS1 may play an important role in delayed morphogenesis of gland morphogenesis in G. australe , a distinct role compared to reported functions from other cotton species (Cheng et al ., ; Janga et al ., ; Ma et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genome sequencing of the Australian wild diploid species Gossypium australe highlights disease resistance and delayed gland morphogenesis

Cai

Wang

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary The diploid wild cotton species Gossypium australe possesses excellent traits including resistance to disease and delayed gland morphogenesis, and has been successfully used for distant breeding programmes to incorporate disease resistance traits into domesticated cotton. Here, we sequenced the G. australe genome by integrating PacBio, Illumina short read, BioNano (DLS) and Hi‐C technologies, and acquired a high‐quality reference genome with a contig N50 of 1.83 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 143.60 Mb. We found that 73.5% of the G. australe genome is composed of various repeat sequences, differing from those of G. arboreum (85.39%), G. hirsutum (69.86%) and G. barbadense (69.83%). The G. australe genome showed closer collinear relationships with the genome of G. arboreum than G. raimondii and has undergone less extensive genome reorganization than the G. arboreum genome. Selection signature and transcriptomics analyses implicated multiple genes in disease resistance responses, including GauCCD7 and GauCBP1, and experiments revealed induction of both genes by Verticillium dahliae and by the plant hormones strigolactone (GR24), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Experiments using a Verticillium‐resistant domesticated G. barbadense cultivar confirmed that knockdown of the homologues of these genes caused a significant reduction in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. Moreover, knockdown of a newly identified gland‐associated gene GauGRAS1 caused a glandless phenotype in partial tissues using G. australe. The G. australe genome represents a valuable resource for cotton research and distant relative breeding as well as for understanding the evolutionary history of crop genomes.

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“…CGF1 shows similar functions to CGF3, and CGF2 regulates the density of pigment glands [35]. Silencing GoPGF results in the apparent absence of glands in all tissues of gland cotton and leads to an almost complete lack of gossypol [34][35]. CGP1 modulates gossypol accumulation but not gland morphogenesis, Knockout of CGP1 by CRISPR/Cas9 and VIGS produces a strong reduction in gossypol levels [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GoPGF/CGF3, which plays the most critical and direct role in gland development, independently regulates gland morphogenesis and indirectly affect gossypol biosynthesis possibly through regulating the expression of gossypol-related genes through binding to the G-box motif by yeast one-hybrid assays [34]. CGF1 shows similar functions to CGF3, and CGF2 regulates the density of pigment glands [35]. Silencing GoPGF results in the apparent absence of glands in all tissues of gland cotton and leads to an almost complete lack of gossypol [34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016, GoPGF gene(Gossypium Pigment Gland Formation gene),which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor as the critical gene, was identi ed through map-based cloning approach and located on chromosome A t 12 [33][34]. CGF3 (Cotton Gland Formation), which is identical to GoPGF gene, not only controls the gland morphogenesis directly, but also regulates gossypol biosynthesis indirectly [35]. CGP1 (Cotton Gland Pigmentation 1), which interacted with GoPGF, was identi ed through comparative transcriptome analysis of glanded and glandless cotton accessions and was involved in the regulation of gossypol biosynthesis but not gland formation [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene participated in the regulation of gland formation from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) is one of the most economically important crops globally. Cottonseed is the significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited by the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and other non-ruminant animals. To date, there has been some progress in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of pigment gland formation was still complicated and unclear. Results In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (Gh_A12G1784), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation, from comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of two pairs of glanded and glandless accessions, which are CCRI12 and CCRI12XW, L7 and L7XW. It encoded an ERF protein localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activation activity containing a conserved AP2 domain, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants. Conclusions These results suggest that GhERF105 participates in the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial tissue of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

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Genes regulating gland development in the cotton plant

Cited by 51 publications

References 50 publications

The gland localized CGP1 controls gland pigmentation and gossypol accumulation in cotton

The gland localized CGP1 controls gland pigmentation and gossypol accumulation in cotton

Genome sequencing of the Australian wild diploid species Gossypium australe highlights disease resistance and delayed gland morphogenesis

Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene participated in the regulation of gland formation from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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