Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European winter barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to 2010

Abstract

In central Europe, winter barley is infected by a broader spectrum of pathogens than spring barley. However, the dominant disease on susceptible cultivars is powdery mildew. The objective of this contribution was to postulate resistance genes in cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1993 to 2010 using a set of 40 isolates of the barley powdery mildew pathogen. Seedlings of 42 European cultivars were tested, and 15 known resistance genes were postulated namely, Mla6, Mla7, Mla12, Mla13, MlaRu4, Mlg, Mlh, MlLa, Mlra, Ml(Ch), Ml(Dr2), Ml(IM9), Ml(Lo), Ml (Ru2) and Ml(St). Two unknown resistances were detected, one in cultivars Gilberta, Mirko and Polana, and another in Ricus. Three cultivars (Campanile, Carrero and Mirko) were heterogeneous for mildew response. The most frequent genes were Mlra and Mlh, which were found in 25 and 14 cultivars, respectively. Genes located at the Mla locus were present in 14 cultivars; 11 of these cultivars carried Mla6. No resistance gene was detected in Hanna. Previously unknown resistances will be further characterized.

Pathogenic divergence of Central European and Australian populations of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei

“…It undoubtedly results from a very different intensity of directional selection because Mla6 was extensively used in Europe in spring barley varieties (Brown & Jørgensen, ; Dreiseitl, 2013 a ). It is also the most frequently found resistance gene in European winter barley varieties (Dreiseitl, 2013 b ). Similarly, the directional selection on varieties carrying resistance genes Mla1 , Mla3 , Mla7 , Mla9 , Mla12 , Mla13 , MlLa and Ml ( St ), which are widely used in Europe, was surely a major evolutionary force that resulted in relatively high frequencies of corresponding virulences in the Central European population.…”

“…Virulences on most of these genes are still rare in Europe and probably also in Australia. In Europe, and especially Germany, these resistance genes have been widely used in barley breeding, and German varieties predominate in Central Europe (Dreiseitl, 2013 a , b ). Nevertheless, new specific resistance genes will probably not provide durable disease control and their effectiveness will be rapidly overcome.…”

Exploring the Serbian GenBank barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) collection for powdery mildew resistance

“…As occurred with many resistance genes, Mlra (resistance ''Ragusa'') was firstly characterized in a Dalmatian barley landrace, and it has been commonly used in barley breeding programmes in Europe (Honecker 1942;Brown and Jørgensen 1991;Jørgensen 1994). This major gene originating from a Croatian spring landrace has been recently reported in winter barley cultivars grown in the Czech Republic (Dreiseitl 2007(Dreiseitl , 2013a. The Mlt gene was identified in the line RS42-6*, which was derived from a Hordeum vulgare L. subsp.…”

Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015

“…The registered cultivar list in the Czech Republic in June 2016 comprised 129 barley cultivars, 73 of which were spring type. Resistance has already been studied in all cultivars registered before 2011 (Dreiseitl ,b), and similar studies are extended in this report, which will address the following questions: (i) Does the non‐specific gene mlo still play a key role in the resistance of spring barley cultivars? (ii) Are any new resistances present in the set of barley cultivars?…”

“…Of these four genes, however, only Vendela contains Mla12 and MlLa (Beatrix was apparently composed of two lines as different Mla alleles cannot be present in a single homogenous genotype). Fredericus, in the pedigree of four cultivars, contains four resistance genes ( Mla6 , Mlra , Ml ( IM9 ) and Ml ( Lo )) (Dreiseitl ). In the present report, Mla6 was postulated in three derived cultivars and Ml ( Lo ) also in another three.…”