Genes for resilience to heat stress in small ruminants: A review

Sejian, Veerasamy; Bagath, M.; Krishnan, G.; Rashamol, Veettiparambil Pandarathil; Pragna, Prathap; Devaraj, C.; Bhatta, Raghavendra

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.009

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Indeed, it is reported that globally, more than the 70% of the breeders have already implemented these interventions or would do so in future (Rojas-Downing et al 2017). These measures of mitigation, adaptation and animal breeding will allow breeders to make medium-long term investments by decreasing their economic losses (Sejian et al 2019).…”

Section: Measures Adopted By Breeders To Face Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…HSP70 mRNA is then transcribed and leaves the nucleus into the cytosol where new HSP70 is synthesised. The newly synthesised HSP protects the cells by acting as a molecular chaperone facilitating the assembly and translocation of newly synthesised proteins within the cell and repairing and refolding damaged proteins in heat stressed subjects (Source: Sejian et al 2019). I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species.…”

Section: Relationship Between Phenotypic Plasticity and Selection Sigmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review

Rovelli

Ceccobelli

Perini

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Climate change has the potential to adversely affect the health of livestock, with consequences to animal welfare, greenhouse gas emissions, productivity, human health and livelihoods. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes, depending on environmental, biotic or abiotic conditions; it is a factor influencing and modifying the genes of animal and plant organisms, to adaptation to climate change. Among the various climate variables, heat stress has been reported to be the most detrimental factor to the economy of the livestock industry. There are a number of candidate genes that are associated with adaptation of ruminants, monogastric and poultry to heat stress. For instance, the genes encoding leptin, thyroid hormone receptor, insulin growth factor-1, growth hormone receptor, are associated with the impacts of heat stress on the physiological pathways of domestic animals such as dairy cows, beef cattle, buffaloes, poultry, pigs and horses. This review aims to highlight genes and traits that are involved with thermo-tolerance of domestic animals to sustain production and to cope with climate change. Selection and experimental evolution approaches have shown that plasticity is a trait that can evolve when under direct selection and has a correlated response to some specific traits. Therefore, new breeding goals should be defined for the potential of livestock species to acquire plasticity for adaptation to the current climate changing conditions. HIGHLIGHTS Heat stress compromises feed intake, growth, milk and meat quality and quantity, resulting in a significant financial burden to global livestock. Genetic selection and nutritional intervention are key strategies to consider in Animal Genetic Resources in hot environments. Information from gene expression or genome-wide association studies can be used to further improve the accuracy of selection.

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Section: Measures Adopted By Breeders To Face Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Phenotypic Plasticity and Selection Sigmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review

Rovelli

Ceccobelli

Perini

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…Over the years, thermal stress has been extensively studied in many ruminant species, as it is significant for reproductive efficiency. Thermal stress is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn involves the secretion of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, the main inhibitors of the reproductive axis [ 46 ]. Temperature stress reduces the pituitary expression of FSH and FSRH, compromising ovarian follicular development [ 47 ].…”

Section: Environmental Stressors and Gene Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics Insights into Animal Resilience and Stress Factors

Basile

Capaccia

Zampini

et al. 2020

Animals

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Resilience is conceived as a dynamic developmental process involving the achievement of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Resilience is not a unique ability but rather a set of capacities of a system put in place to absorb a disturbance and to reorganize while trying to retain the same function, structure, and identity. This review describes the characteristics and the molecular mechanisms of resilience to understand the core elements of resilience and its indicators. The objectives of this review are: (1) to define some of the leading environmental stressors and clarify the mechanism of vulnerability or resilience outcomes; (2) to clarify some of the prominent epigenetic modulations mediating resilience or vulnerability as a stress response; (3) to highlight the neural mechanisms related to stress resilience since the central nervous system is a highly dynamic structure characterized by an everlasting plasticity feature, which therefore has the opportunity to modify resilience. The review aims to introduce the reader to the concept of resilience seen as an ability acquired in life and not only inherited from birth.

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“…This provides a basis for investigating ruminant evolution and functional genomics in different species surviving in a similar environment [108]. Some candidate genes, that are linked to the adaptation of small ruminants, such as genes coding for growth hormone ( GH ), growth hormone receptor ( GHR ), insulin-like growth factor ( IGF-1 ), leptin receptor ( LEPR ), and thyroid hormone receptor ( THR ) have been reported [109]. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), heat shock protein gene 60 ( HSP60 ), HSP70 , HSP90 , and ubiquitin are linked to the resilient capacity of small ruminants, particularly under HS challenges.…”

Section: Interventions To Reduce Heat Stress On Ruminant Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Selection for Thermotolerance in Ruminants

Osei-Amponsah

Chauhan

Leury

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryRuminants make important contributions to agricultural production, protein food security, livelihoods, and socio-cultural values, particularly in the developing world. Changing climate has dire consequences on animal agriculture and presents a real challenge for humankind. Increasing temperatures, solar radiation, humidity, and resultant heat waves, low rainfall, and drought compromise the availability of forage and water. These environmental factors adversely affect animal growth and reproduction and increase disease incidence as well as threaten biodiversity. The mitigation of such effects has been confined to location or breeds and is often expensive and not always sustainable in view of continuous variations in the climatic data. In this review we have proposed that genetic selection and breeding of thermotolerant ruminants provide a sustainable means of minimizing the effect of climate change on their production. Given the variation in the ability of ruminants to tolerate heat stress and the availability of genomic tools to pursue this agenda, heat stress can be minimised. This is a shared responsibility, requiring action by stakeholders across all sectors of society.AbstractVariations in climatic variables (temperature, humidity and solar radiation) negatively impact livestock growth, reproduction, and production. Heat stress, for instance, is a source of huge financial loss to livestock production globally. There have been significant advances in physical modifications of animal environment and nutritional interventions as tools of heat stress mitigation. Unfortunately, these are short-term solutions and may be unsustainable, costly, and not applicable to all production systems. Accordingly, there is a need for innovative, practical, and sustainable approaches to overcome the challenges posed by global warming and climate change-induced heat stress. This review highlights attempts to genetically select and breed ruminants for thermotolerance and thereby sustain production in the face of changing climates. One effective way is to incorporate sustainable heat abatement strategies in ruminant production. Improved knowledge of the physiology of ruminant acclimation to harsh environments, the opportunities and tools available for selecting and breeding thermotolerant ruminants, and the matching of animals to appropriate environments should help to minimise the effect of heat stress on sustainable animal genetic resource growth, production, and reproduction to ensure protein food security.

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Genes for resilience to heat stress in small ruminants: A review

Cited by 39 publications

References 86 publications

The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review

The genetics of phenotypic plasticity in livestock in the era of climate change: a review

Omics Insights into Animal Resilience and Stress Factors

Genetic Selection for Thermotolerance in Ruminants

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