Genes Encoding Glycine-Rich Arabidopsis thaliana Proteins with RNA-Binding Motifs Are Influenced by Cold Treatment and an Endogenous Circadian Rhythm

Carpenter, Clifford D.; Kreps, Joel A.; Simon, Anne

doi:10.1104/pp.104.3.1015

Cited by 243 publications

(171 citation statements)

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“…CCR1 , CCR2 , and genes involved in dehydration were also identified in this cluster. These genes have been previously characterized and are regulated by other factors (Carpenter et al, 1994;Kiyosue et al, 1994). These examples demonstrate a limitation in clustering a limited number of experiments in the database, because key experiments that would differentiate expression patterns between genes might not be included, thus skewing the picture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some examples include genes involved in photosynthesis, oxidative stress, cold response, and cell wall production. The photosynthetic genes CAB and RUBISCO anticipate the dawn by having a high level of expression in the morning (Ernst et al, 1990), whereas the cold-induced, glycine-rich RNA binding genes CCR1 and CCR2 ( ATGRP7 ) have a high level of expression in the afternoon (Carpenter et al, 1994). ATGER3 , a germin-like cell wall gene, has a high level of expression that peaks in the night (Staiger et al, 1999).…”

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Microarray Analysis of Diurnal and Circadian-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis

et al. 2001

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Plants respond to day/night cycling in a number of physiological ways. At the mRNA level, the expression of some genes changes during the 24-hr period. To identify novel genes regulated in this way, we used microarrays containing 11,521 Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags, representing an estimated 7800 unique genes, to determine gene expression levels at 6-hr intervals throughout the day. Eleven percent of the genes, encompassing genes expressed at both high and low levels, showed a diurnal expression pattern. Approximately 2% cycled with a circadian rhythm. By clustering microarray data from 47 additional nonrelated experiments, we identified groups of genes regulated only by the circadian clock. These groups contained the already characterized clock-associated genes LHY , CCA1 , and GI , suggesting that other key circadian clock genes might be found within these clusters. INTRODUCTIONPlants have adapted their growth and development to use the diurnal cycling of light and dark. This is manifested at both the physiological level, with leaf movement, growth, and stomatal opening, and the molecular level, with expression of some genes occurring only at certain times of the day. The day/night cycling of gene expression is called a diurnal rhythm and is achieved primarily by two mechanisms: first, by light, and second, by a free-running internal circadian clock. Circadian clocks have been well characterized in animals, fungi, and bacteria, and in all cases they have a central oscillator that measures time with a molecular feedback loop that cycles over a 24-hr period (Dunlap, 1999). Although a growing number of genes either regulated by the clock or affecting clock function have been identified in plants, a full picture has yet to emerge.The ability of plants to respond to light is achieved through photoreceptors. In Arabidopsis, two classes of photoreceptors are known: the red/far-red receptors, phytochrome A to E (Sharrock and Quail, 1989;Clack et al., 1994), and the blue light receptors, CRY1 (Ahmad and Cashmore, 1993), CRY2 (Guo et al., 1998), and NPH1 (Liscum and Briggs, 1995). Using these photoreceptors, a plant can detect a range of light intensities and wavelengths, with which it senses not only whether light is present but also from which direction the light is coming and whether there is competing vegetation (reviewed in Ballare, 1999). The best characterized of the photoreceptors are the phytochromes, for which the events that convert the light signal into transcriptional regulation have been described. Phytochrome is transported into the nucleus in a light-dependent manner (Sakamoto and Nagatani, 1996;Kircher et al., 1999). In the nucleus, it interacts with a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, PIF3 (Ni et al., 1998(Ni et al., , 1999, which has been shown to bind to the G box element found in the promoters of many light-activated genes (Giuliano et al., 1988;Martinez-Garcia et al., 2000). This chain of events allows the plants to respond to light after germination, by stopping hypocotyl elongat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microarray Analysis of Diurnal and Circadian-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis

et al. 2001

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“…Indeed, CCR2 promoter is temperature-responsive (33,34). Arabidopsis seedlings respond to 4°C steps in temperature, but the lower limit of responsiveness for temperature cues has not been defined in this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient temperature response establishes ELF3 as a required component of the core Arabidopsis circadian clock

Thines

Harmon

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

184

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Circadian clocks synchronize internal processes with environmental cycles to ensure optimal timing of biological events on daily and seasonal time scales. External light and temperature cues set the core molecular oscillator to local conditions. In Arabidopsis, EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) is thought to act as an evening-specific repressor of light signals to the clock, thus serving a zeitnehmer function. Circadian rhythms were examined in completely darkgrown, or etiolated, null elf3-1 seedlings, with the clock entrained by thermocycles, to evaluate whether the elf3 mutant phenotype was light-dependent. Circadian rhythms were absent from etiolated elf3-1 seedlings after exposure to temperature cycles, and this mutant failed to exhibit classic indicators of entrainment by temperature cues, consistent with global clock dysfunction or strong perturbation of temperature signaling in this background. Warm temperature pulses failed to elicit acute induction of temperatureresponsive genes in elf3-1. In fact, warm temperature-responsive genes remained in a constitutively "ON" state because of clock dysfunction and, therefore, were insensitive to temperature signals in the normal time of day-specific manner. These results show ELF3 is broadly required for circadian clock function regardless of light conditions, where ELF3 activity is needed by the core oscillator to allow progression from day to night during either light or temperature entrainment. Furthermore, robust circadian rhythms appear to be a prerequisite for etiolated seedlings to respond correctly to temperature signals.temperature signaling | temperature entrainment | luciferase | circadian rhythms | transcription T he rotation of Planet Earth creates predictable daily environmental fluctuations of light and dark along with concomitant oscillations in temperature. The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeper that anticipates these predictable changes in the environment, confers rhythmic behavior to biological processes, and optimally phases biological activities to specific times of the day. Circadian clocks are widespread in nature, and processes under their control range from sleep-wake cycles in humans to daily expression of photosynthetic genes in plants. Clocks also time seasonal responses, such as the flowering transition in many plant species.Core molecular oscillators in eukaryotes incorporate interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, three such loops are critical to generation and maintenance of circadian rhythms. The loop first discovered is composed of the pseudoresponse regulator TOC1 (1) and two partially redundant Myb-like transcription factors, CCA1 (2) and LHY (3). Morning expression of CCA1 and LHY represses TOC1 expression by binding to its promoter (4), and circadian accumulation of TOC1 in the evening helps to induce CCA1 and LHY. A second morning-phased loop includes two TOC1-related proteins, PRR7 and PRR9 (5, 6). CCA1 and LHY induce PRR7 and PRR9 expression, whereas the two PRRs subseq...

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“…This modest effect on period length suggests a role for PRR3 in the plant clock; however, the confined spatial expression pattern of PRR3 led us to consider whether the ubiquitous expression of CCR2 and the broad expression of CAB2 might not accurately portray the circadian function of PRR3 (Carpenter et al, 1994;Thain et al, 2002). To test this possibility, we constructed a PRR9:LUC promoter fusion as a circadian reporter, as we could observe an intense activity of the PRR9 promoter in the vasculature of PRR9:GUS plants (see Supplemental Figure 3 …”

Section: Alteration Of Prr3 Gene Expression Affects Clock Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRR3 Is a Vascular Regulator of TOC1 Stability in theArabidopsisCircadian Clock

et al. 2007

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The pseudoresponse regulators (PRRs) participate in the progression of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis thaliana. The founding member of the family, TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1), is an essential component of the transcriptional network that constitutes the core mechanism of the circadian oscillator. Recent data suggest a role in circadian regulation for all five members of the PRR family; however, the molecular function of TOC1 or any other PRRs remains unknown. In this work, we present evidence for the involvement of PRR3 in the regulation of TOC1 protein stability. PRR3 was temporally coexpressed with TOC1 under different photoperiods, yet its tissue expression was only partially overlapping with that of TOC1, as PRR3 appeared restricted to the vasculature. Decreased expression of PRR3 resulted in reduced levels of TOC1 protein, while overexpression of PRR3 caused an increase in the levels of TOC1, all without affecting the amount of TOC1 transcript. PRR3 was able to bind to TOC1 in yeast and in plants and to perturb TOC1 interaction with ZEITLUPE (ZTL), which targets TOC1 for proteasome-dependent degradation. Together, our results indicate that PRR3 might function to modulate TOC1 stability by hindering ZTL-dependent TOC1 degradation, suggesting the existence of local regulators of clock activity and adding to the growing importance of posttranslational regulation in the design of circadian timing mechanisms in plants.

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Genes Encoding Glycine-Rich Arabidopsis thaliana Proteins with RNA-Binding Motifs Are Influenced by Cold Treatment and an Endogenous Circadian Rhythm

Cited by 243 publications

References 54 publications

Microarray Analysis of Diurnal and Circadian-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis

Microarray Analysis of Diurnal and Circadian-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis

Ambient temperature response establishes ELF3 as a required component of the core Arabidopsis circadian clock

PRR3 Is a Vascular Regulator of TOC1 Stability in theArabidopsisCircadian Clock

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