Genes and Gut Bacteria Involved in Luminal Butyrate Reduction Caused by Diet and Loperamide

Abstract

Unbalanced dietary habits and gut dysmotility are causative factors in metabolic and functional gut disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and constipation. Reduction in luminal butyrate synthesis is known to be associated with gut dysbioses, and studies have suggested that restoring butyrate formation in the colon may improve gut health. In contrast, shifts in different types of gut microbiota may inhibit luminal butyrate synthesis, requiring different treatments to restore colonic bacterial butyrate synthesis. We investigated the influence of high-fat diets (HFD) and low-fiber diets (LFD), and loperamide (LPM) administration, on key bacteria and genes involved in reduction of butyrate synthesis in mice. MiSeq-based microbiota analysis and HiSeq-based differential gene analysis indicated that different types of bacteria and genes were involved in butyrate metabolism in each treatment. Dietary modulation depleted butyrate kinase and phosphate butyryl transferase by decreasing members of the Bacteroidales and Parabacteroides. The HFD also depleted genes involved in succinate synthesis by decreasing Lactobacillus. The LFD and LPM treatments depleted genes involved in crotonoyl-CoA synthesis by decreasing Roseburia and Oscilllibacter. Taken together, our results suggest that different types of bacteria and genes were involved in gut dysbiosis, and that selected treatments may be needed depending on the cause of gut dysfunction.

In vitro assessment of prebiotic properties of xylooligosaccharides produced by Bacillus subtilis 3610

“…Relative abundance of different bacteria after 48 h of in vitro fermentation by fecal inocula from D1 in the absence of prebiotics (blank) (A) or enriched with a prebiotic solution of lactulose (B) or XOS (C) at 10 g/L. (Hwang et al, 2017). This observation is in accordance with the results obtained for SCFAs production, namely the highest production of butyrate was observed for XOS fermentation.…”

“…IBD active patients present increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on their intestinal microbiota and reduced butyrate-producing bacteria (Wang et al, 2014). Furthermore, Hwang et al (2017) reported the influence of high-fat diets and low-fiber diets on decreasing members of the Bacteroidales order and butyrate production.…”

Moderate alteration to gut microbiota brought by colorectal adenoma resection

“…Research has revealed that intake of high‐amylose maize starch could increase intestinal SCFAs and the abundance of Parabacteroides , whereas high‐fat or low‐fat diets might result in the reduction of the microbial abundance . Thus, the postoperative Parabacteroides in our research might be affected by dietary factors.…”

“…Research has revealed that intake of high-amylose maize starch could increase intestinal SCFAs and the abundance of Parabacteroides, 22 whereas high-fat or low-fat diets might result in the reduction of the microbial abundance. 20 Thus, the postoperative Parabacteroides in our research might be affected by dietary factors. Some patients aware of the risk factors of tumorigenesis might have adjusted their diet pattern by adding fiber intake or lessening fat intake, which could lead to the biased outcome of postoperative microbial profile.…”

Intestine motility, secretion, and constipation treatment principles

“…Бутират стимулирует дифференцировку кишечного эпителия и выработку муцина -среды обитания основных продуцентов масляной кислоты -Bacteroides и Ruminococcus, а также других анаэробов. Низкое содержание пищевых волокон в рационе (так же как и чрезмерное содержания жира) -фактор, провоцирующий кишечный дисбиоз с низкой продукцией бутирата [12].…”