Género y migraciones. Un estudio sobre mujeres migrantes tarijeñas en torno al mercado de trabajo hortícola de Apolinario Saravia en la provincia de Salta

Abstract

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar la incidencia del sistema de género en origen/destino sobre los proyectos migratorios y las experiencias laborales de mujeres tarijeñas de origen campesino. Particularmente de aquellas mujeres que migraron entre la década de 1980 y 2000,de forma asociacional, a través de redes masculinas hacia distintas zonas del Noroeste argentino y se vincularon como trabajadoras en la actividad hortícola de Apolinario Saravia (provincia de Salta). Con dicho objetivo optamos por una estrategia metodológica etnográfica,utilizando como técnicas de obtención de datos principalmente la entrevistaen profundidad y la observación participante.

Education and Other Factors Influencing Women Migrants’ Employability and Entrepreneurship

“…. [which identifies them] as caregivers, domestic workers and consumers" (Riaño 2021, p. 2) due to the traditional roles of women as a mother, wife and daughter (Ataide 2019;Gomes 2018;Riaño 2021;Hapugoda 2022;Kwok 2020;Njaramba et al 2018) and not as a breadwinner (Njaramba et al 2018;Ataide 2019;Riaño 2021). However, there are exceptions in some contexts, such as the case of the Rastafarian women and Ethiopian-born Rastafari women with heterosexual partners presented by Gomes (2018) in her study, where they tend to generate more income than men.…”

“…Following the evaluation phase, only 13 scientific articles remained that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. A thematic analysis was carried out of the titles, previous questions and objectives of the research articles, identifying 6 studies dedicated to entrepreneurship (Homel 2022;Kwok 2020;Njaramba et al 2018;Osorio-García-De-Oteyza et al 2020;Raimi et al 2023;Hapugoda 2022) and 7 related to the employability of women migrants (Ataide 2019;Bali et al 2019;Carangio et al 2021;Chy et al 2023;Farris 2020;Gomes 2018;Riaño 2021).…”

“…The main topics addressed in studies linked to employability, on the other hand, are participation in the labour market of the destination country, in terms of gender and racial and ethnic identity (Ataide 2019;Bali et al 2019;Carangio et al 2021;Chy et al 2023;Gomes 2018;Riaño 2021), the social and cultural factors of the destination society that affect women migrants (Carangio et al 2021;Chy et al 2023;Gomes 2018) or the requirements of recruitment agencies or employers (Farris 2020).…”

“…In this context, Rosas (2013, p. 115) states that gender can be conceived as a set of long-lasting and transferable dispositions of feelings, thoughts and actions which, when shared, influence the actions of people (Ataide 2019). Therefore, gender can be considered a socially constructed individual trait (Homel 2022), which differentiates women from men, based on alleged differences and similarities originating in the sex assigned at birth and affecting interpersonal relationships.…”

“…Therefore, gender can be considered a socially constructed individual trait (Homel 2022), which differentiates women from men, based on alleged differences and similarities originating in the sex assigned at birth and affecting interpersonal relationships. The effects of this social construct on the lives of women migrants do not usually alter substantially, since the subordination of women to men is maintained when they cross borders (Tapia 2011;Ataide 2019). Therefore, "gender is a common site of struggle" (Carangio et al 2021, p. 91).…”