Generic Model of PEM Fuel Cells and Performance Analysis in Frequency Containment Period in Systems with Decreased Inertia

Alshehri, Feras; Rueda, José L.; Perilla, Arcadio; Tuinema, Bart W.; Meijden, Mart A. M. M. van der; Pálenský, Peter; González-Longatt, Francisco

doi:10.1109/isie.2019.8781346

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To assess the role this technology can play in frequency containment, F.A. Alshehri et al [52] developed a dynamic model to simulate PEMFC, validated that the model's response resembled the response shown in the existing literature, and compared the Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) of PEMFC and synchronous generators. The scenarios consisted of a 50 MW disturbance for different system inertia with values 100%, 50%, and 25%, for both synchronous generators and PEMFC as FCR.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Calado

Castro

2021

Applied Sciences

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With the increase in renewable energy connected to the grid, new challenges arise due to its variable supply of power. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new methods of storing energy. Hydrogen can fulfil the role of energy storage and even act as an energy carrier, since it has a much higher energetic density than batteries and can be easily stored. Considering that the offshore wind sector is facing significant growth and technical advances, hydrogen has the potential to be combined with offshore wind energy to aid in overcoming disadvantages such as the high installation cost of electrical transmission systems and transmission losses. This paper aims to outline and discuss the main features of the integration of hydrogen solutions in offshore wind power and to offer a literature review of the current state of hydrogen production from offshore wind. The paper provides a summary of the technologies involved in hydrogen production along with an analysis of two possible hydrogen producing systems from offshore wind energy. The analysis covers the system components, including hydrogen storage, the system configuration (i.e., offshore vs. onshore electrolyzer), and the potential uses of hydrogen, e.g., Power to Mobility, Power to Power, and Power to Gas.

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Section: State-of-the-art Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Calado

Castro

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Therefore, the frequency response will be analysed in its more pure and classical primary response [5], and its indicators will be used to assess the existing UFLS scheme. The principal frequency response indicators are [6], [7]: (i) minimum frequency (fmin) refers to the minimum value of the frequency during the transient [8], (ii) minimum time (tmin) is the time required to reach fmin from the moment where the disturbance is inserted in the power system (t =0) [9], (iii) the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) is calculated as the rate of change of the frequency measured by the frequency relays and the unit used is Hz/sec [10]. Finally, (iv) Steady-state frequency (fss) is the capacity of the power system of recovering from the event is measured by the steady-state frequency; it represents the final value of the frequency when RoCoF is zero [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Under-Frequency Load Shedding in Mongolia Considering Inertia Scenarios

Adiyabazar

González-Longatt

Acosta

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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The Mongolian power system (MPS) has been changing in recent years mainly by the integration of wind power and solar photovoltaic sources which until 2019 has been reached a 20% of the total generation sources. The interconnection with the Russian power system is crucial from the frequency control and stability point of view, especially during the winter, since it provides the necessary power to cover the local energy lack. The importance of this interconnection was evident during the disconnection of the two transmission lines that connect MPS to RPS producing the major frequency event on 29 th June 2018, disconnecting 112 MW by the action of the under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) and making more than 1.5 million without electricity that day. The objective of this paper is assessing the existing UFLS schemes installed in the MPS by using numerical time-domain simulations. The disconnection from the RPS is used to evaluate the suitability of the UFLS considering two scenarios: winter high-demand, highinertia and summer low-demand, low-inertia. Results of this research paper have demonstrated that the actual UFLS scheme is not enough to avoid frequency collapse in real-life conditions during the summer low-demand, low-inertia scenario.

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“…Modern power systems are evolving quite fast, and the new technologies for power generation and energy storage are helping to cope with the environmental need to reduce CO2 emission and stabilising a low carbon society [1]. On the other side of the power system, demand side, technical development, especially those related to the use of ICT, are making the demand more controllable, flexible and price sensible [2], [3]. Independently of the side (generation or demand), one key element in the modern power system evolution is the massive use and deployment of power electronics converters (PECs) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Support of Fast-Multi-Energy Storage Systems in Low Rotational Inertia Scenarios

Ersdal

González-Longatt

Acosta

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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Modern power systems are increasing the connection of power electronic converters (PECs), and new inertia-less technologies displace the synchronous generation units. Therefore, the total rotational system inertia is reduced, creating new problems related to the system frequency control and stability. Several mechanisms to enable the PECs with frequency sensible control loops have been proposed in the scientific literature. This paper considers the use of Fast-Acting Power Injections (FAPI), where the frequency-sensible control uses a frequency-active power (f-P) based on proportional and derivative control. The FAPI is obtained from PECs installed in a Fast-Multi-Energy Storage System (F-MESS), it consists of a flywheel storage system and supercapacitor storage system. The objective is to assess the frequency support provided by an F-MESS considering low rotational inertia scenarios. One additional contribution is a full detailed model using a set of differential-algebraic equation (DAE) in order to ensure an appropriate representation of all devices at the time that ensure scalability of the model in order to include new PEC-based technologies. Simulation results demonstrate the positive effect of the use of FAPI controllers in F-MESS to provide frequency support in low inertia scenarios.

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Generic Model of PEM Fuel Cells and Performance Analysis in Frequency Containment Period in Systems with Decreased Inertia

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Assessment of Under-Frequency Load Shedding in Mongolia Considering Inertia Scenarios

Frequency Support of Fast-Multi-Energy Storage Systems in Low Rotational Inertia Scenarios

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