Generic finite element models of human ribs, developed and validated for stiffness and strain prediction – To be used in rib fracture risk evaluation for the human population in vehicle crashes

Iraeus, Johan; Brolin, Karin; Pipkorn, Bengt

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103742

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A possible strategy to assess the variations of rib cage mechanics with body mass index, stature, age, and gender is the morphing of an existing FE geometry model. 27 , 60 , 61 Iraeus et al 28 explored the introduction of human variability in the commonly used rib fracture prediction FE methodologies 62 , 63 , 64 in the context of automobile safety research. Iraeus et al 28 recommended, as an initial step toward their global goal, that the rib cross‐sectional height be accurately modeled in future FE studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 , 60 , 61 Iraeus et al 28 explored the introduction of human variability in the commonly used rib fracture prediction FE methodologies 62 , 63 , 64 in the context of automobile safety research. Iraeus et al 28 recommended, as an initial step toward their global goal, that the rib cross‐sectional height be accurately modeled in future FE studies. In the present work, we opted for a simpler approach by analyzing and discussing our results mainly at a qualitative level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finite element (FE) simulations can provide an alternative to CPR studies performed in human corpses, which are known to be very challenging. 24 Previous FE studies of the rib cage responses to compression were mostly focused on the simulation of car crash conditions (see, e.g., References 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ). In the present study, we use FE to simulate the response to CPR maneuvers of an adult skeletal chest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location

Suazo

Herrero

Fortuny

et al. 2022

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The biomechanical response of a human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers was investigated by means of finite element simulations. We analyzed the effect of the location where the force was applied on the achieved compression depths and stress levels experienced by the breastbone and ribs. For compression locations on the breastbone, a caudal shift of the application area toward the breastbone tip resulted in a 17% reduction of the force required to achieve a target 5 cm compression depth. We found that the use of compression regions located on the costal cartilages would involve higher risk of rib fractures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location

Suazo

Herrero

Fortuny

et al. 2022

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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“…For each bone, the high-resolution geometry was scaled to fit the bone of the template mesh. Finally, the pelvis geometry was updated to an average female according to a pelvis SSM ( Brynskog et al, 2021 ), and the ribcage geometry was updated to a morphed version of the average male generic ribcage presented in ( Iraeus et al, 2020 ). The morphing of the generic ribcage, to an average female ribcage, was based on a ribcage SSM ( Shi et al, 2014 ) and a sternum SSM ( Weaver et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ribcage was modeled using hexahedral solid elements for the trabecular bone and quadrilateral shell elements for the cortical bone in the same way as for the generic ribcage presented in ( Iraeus et al, 2020 ), but updated to represent an average female. Rib dimensions, cross-section, and cortical bone thickness were initially based on a male dataset ( Choi and Kwak, 2011 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hello, world! VIVA+: A human body model lineup to evaluate sex-differences in crash protection

John

Klug

Kranjec

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Finite element Human Body Models are increasingly becoming vital tools for injury assessment and are expected to play an important role in virtual vehicle safety testing. With the aim of realizing models to study sex-differences seen in the injury- and fatality-risks from epidemiology, we developed models that represent an average female and an average male. The models were developed with an objective to allow tissue-based skeletal injury assessment, and thus non-skeletal organs and joints were defined with simplified characterizations to enhance computational efficiency and robustness. The model lineup comprises female and male representations of (seated) vehicle occupants and (standing) vulnerable road users, enabling the safety assessment of broader segments of the road user population. In addition, a new workflow utilized in the model development is presented. In this workflow, one model (the seated female) served as the base model while all the other models were generated as closely-linked derivative models, differing only in terms of node coordinates and mass distribution. This approach opens new possibilities to develop and maintain further models as part of the model lineup, representing different types of road users to reflect the ongoing transitions in mobility patterns (like bicyclists and e-scooter users). In this paper, we evaluate the kinetic and kinematic responses of the occupant and standing models to blunt impacts, mainly on the torso, in different directions (front, lateral, and back). The front and lateral impacts to the thorax showed responses comparable to the experiments, while the back impact varied with the location of impact (T1 and T8). Abdomen bar impact showed a stiffer load-deflection response at higher intrusions beyond 40 mm, because of simplified representation of internal organs. The lateral shoulder impact responses were also slightly stiffer, presumably from the simplified shoulder joint definition. This paper is the first in a series describing the development and validation of the new Human Body Model lineup, VIVA+. With the inclusion of an average-sized female model as a standard model in the lineup, we seek to foster an equitable injury evaluation in future virtual safety assessments.

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Finite Dimensional Modeling of an Elastic Rib

Alpatov,

Dosaev,

Samsonov

et al. 2024

Springer Proceedings in Mathematics &Amp; Statistics

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Generic finite element models of human ribs, developed and validated for stiffness and strain prediction – To be used in rib fracture risk evaluation for the human population in vehicle crashes

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location

Biomechanical response of human rib cage to cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers: Effects of the compression location

Hello, world! VIVA+: A human body model lineup to evaluate sex-differences in crash protection

Finite Dimensional Modeling of an Elastic Rib

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