Generative retrieval results in positive academic emotions and long-term retention of cardiovascular anatomy using transthoracic echocardiography

Abstract

With increasing medical knowledge, procedural, and diagnostic skills to learn, it is vital for educators to make the limited amount of teaching time available to students effective and efficient. Generative retrieval is an effective and efficient learning tool, improving long-term retention through the practice of retrieval from memory. Forty medical students were randomized to learn normal cardiovascular anatomy using transthoracic echocardiography video clips in a generative retrieval (GR) or standard practice (SP) group. GR participants were required to verbally identify each unlabeled cardiovascular structure after viewing the video. After answering, participants viewed the correctly labeled video. SP participants viewed the same video clips labeled with the correct cardiovascular structure for the same amount of total time without verbally generating an answer. All participants were tested for intermediate (1-wk), late (1-mo), and long-term (6- to 9-mo) retention of cardiovascular anatomy. Additionally, a three-question survey was incorporated to assess perceptions of the learning method. There was no difference in pretest scores. The GR group demonstrated a trend toward improvement in recall at 1 wk [GR = 74.3 (SD 12.3); SP = 65.4 (SD 16.7); P = 0.10] and 1 mo [GR = 69.9 (SD15.6); SP = 64.3 (SD 15.4); P = 0.33]. At the 6- to 9-mo time point, there was a statistically significant difference in scores [GR = 74.3 (SD 9.9); SP = 65.0 (SD 14.1); P = 0.042]. At nearly every time point, learners had a statistically significantly higher perception of effectiveness, enjoyment, and satisfaction with GR. In addition to improved recall, GR is associated with increased perceptions of effectiveness, enjoyment, and satisfaction, which may lead to increased engagement, time spent studying, and improved retention.

Changing Positive Academic Emotions of Art Students Utilizing Computer Information Technology Based on the Perspective of Teaching

“…It contains the academic activities of college students in various fields, and the 88 projects compiled are general. The ten subtests reflect ten emotions, which are further divided into positive high arousals such as interest, sneakiness, hope, negative high arousal such as shame, anxiety, anger, positive low arousal such as pride and relaxation, and negative low arousal such as disappointment and anger [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Efficacy of implementing intermittent STOP THE BLEED® reviews on long term retention of hemorrhage control skills of first year medical students

“…For the five Likert format questions, the median (IQR) total score for the posttraining survey (23 [21][22][23][24][25]) was significantly higher than that for the pretraining survey (14 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]); (p<0.001; Table 2). For the three quiz format questions, results were varied.…”

“…For the five Likert format questions on the postintervention survey, median (IQR) total score for intervention group was significantly higher than that for the control group (intervention group, 21 [20][21][22][23][24][25] vs. control group, 16 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; p<0.0001; Table 2). No differences were found in percentage of correct responses between the intervention and control groups for the three quiz format questions on the postintervention survey (all p>0.13).…”

“…Based on the literature, the idea of assessing long term retention was widely scattered. In medical education articles, the timeframe ranged from 4 weeks to 6 months [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], but some studies were longer [20,21]. Due to our time constraints with attempting to collect our data before students began moving to their clinical sites, we believed it would be reasonable to conduct our research using 12 weeks as our marker of long-term retention of hemorrhage control abilities.…”

“…Some medical educations consider long term as 4 weeks [10] or 15 weeks [11]. Others define it as 5 months [12] or 6 months [13][14][15][16]. For this reason, we elected to consider a timeframe of 1 month to 6 months as long term.…”