Generation of the reactive oxygen species during immune reactions of arthropods

Abstract

Topics considered in this review include generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their features and sources in arthropods and the role of ROS in development of immune response against parasites. The cellular and humoral immune reactions of hosts are enhanced under parasite penetration. The main cellular defense refers to hemocytemediated immune responses like phagocytosis of small particles as well as isolation and destroying large particles by encapsulation. These processes are accompanied by melanin formation as results of phenoloxidase activity and melanogenesis. In this review the melanogenesis is examined as one of the reasons of increased generation of ROS which have a high reaction activity and ability to destroy parasites.

Newly Woody Artificial Diet Reveals Antibacterial Activity of Hemolymph in Larvae of Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

“…The particular mechanisms of our findings can be interpreted in different ways. Firstly, the humoral mechanisms of the insect immune response include the activation of proteolytic cascades in plasma, the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides being the major one [ 49 , 50 ]. The surface structures of the pathogen are a powerful trigger for the immune response.…”