Generation of Sub‐micrometer‐scale Patterns by Successive Miniaturization Using Hydrogels

Das, Amit; Mukherjee, Rabibrata; Katiyer, V.; Kulkarni, Mukund G.; Ghatak, Ajoy; Sharma, Ashutosh

doi:10.1002/adma.200602681

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…They used Shrinky-Dinks and other thermoplastic shrink films, which shrink up to 95% in surface area when exposed to heat, to fabricate plastic or polymer-based microfluidic devices as well as other microstructures and metallic nanostructures 15 . Hydrogels, which can shrink upon drying or in response to changes in environmental conditions like pH or temperature, have also been used to fabricate small structures and patterns 16,17 . The advantage of using shrinkable materials for the fabrication of small structures is that it is relatively easy to pattern or fabricate larger, lower-resolution structures, which can subsequently be converted into smaller, higher-resolution structures upon shrinking, without the need for sophisticated microfabrication equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Miniaturized Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs)

Strong

Schultz

Martinez

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) are emerging as cost-effective and portable platforms for point-of-care assays. A fundamental limitation of microPAD fabrication is the imprecise nature of most methods for patterning paper. The present work demonstrates that paper patterned via wax printing can be miniaturized by treating it with periodate to produce higher-resolution, high-fidelity microPADs. The optimal miniaturization parameters were determined by immersing microPADs in various concentrations of aqueous sodium periodate (NaIO4) for varying lengths of time. This treatment miniaturized microPADs by up to 80% in surface area, depending on the concentration of periodate and length of the reaction time. By immersing microPADs in 0.5-M NaIO4 for 48 hours, devices were miniaturized by 78% in surface area, and this treatment allowed for the fabrication of functional channels with widths as small as 301 µm and hydrophobic barriers with widths as small as 387 µm. The miniaturized devices were shown to be compatible with redox-based colorimetric assays and enzymatic reactions. This miniaturization technique provides a new option for fabricating sub-millimeter-sized features in paper-based fluidic devices without requiring specialized equipment and could enable new capabilities and applications for microPADs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Miniaturized Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs)

Strong

Schultz

Martinez

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Importantly, it is noteworthy that with increase in honey concentration, the mold filling during the second replication step became sluggish, and the final obtained pillar height, H started to reduce, with marginal modification in tip diameter, D and inter pillar spacing, S. The feature height of pillars is governed by viscous resistance to mold filling, which is due to the change in the viscosity of the HSF blends. By controlling the stress relaxation during the pattern replication stage with a viscoelastic polymer, we were able to create architectures with different pillar heights using the same stamp. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By controlling the stress relaxation during the pattern replication stage with a viscoelastic polymer, we were able to create architectures with different pillar heights using the same stamp. 26,27 2.2. Isolation and Culture of Primary Human Oral Mucosal Normal and Pre-Cancer Fibroblast Cells.…”

Section: Biomimetic Fabrication Of Micropatterned Honey Basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Behavior of Normal and Fibrotic Fibroblasts under the Synergistic Influence of Micropillar Topography and the Rigidity of Honey/Silk-Fibroin Substrates

Rajput

Bhandaru

Anura

et al. 2016

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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We report differential proliferation behavior of normal and fibrosis associated human oral fibroblasts on micropillar honey embedded silk fibroin substrates (HSF). Oral fibroblasts of different origins manifest differences in proliferation rate, morphology, and the cytoskeletal arrangement on HSF substrates with distinct topography (H, D, and S), stiffness, and honey concentration. It is observed that the proliferation rate is maximized for normal and inhibited for fibrosis associated fibroblasts on a HSF substrate surface with moderate height of ∼8.5 μm and 2% honey concentration. Molecular expression analysis reveals decrease in c-myc and p53 expression in later cells validating the inhibition of their proliferation rate, which is further correlated with the decreased Col I and Col III expression on this substrate. A substrate with enhanced interspacing and intermediate mechanical stiffness (0.57 ± 0.32 μN/nm) favors strong adhesion and stable cell–matrix interaction for normal cells, while exhibiting negative influence on fibrotic fibroblasts with poor adhesion and spreading capability. Decrease in vimentin, fibronectin expression, and cytoskeleton reorganization justify the poor stability of later cells on the optimized substrate, thereby allowing selective modulation of normal and fibrosis associated fibroblasts under the synergistic influence of honey concentration, topography, and rigidity of HSF substrates. The work highlights the possible therapeutic efficacy of honey based micropatterned substrates as smart patches for fast wound healing and in minimizing the chances of recurrence of precancer post oral tumor resection surgeries.

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“…For example, hydrogels have been specifically formulated to replicate and shrink 2D or 3D patterns. [ 3 ] However, uniform shrinkage of hydrogels depends on elaborately controlled conditions and typically requires dehydration for hours at elevated temperatures, limiting the miniaturization efficiency and reproducibility. Alternatively, prestressed thermoplastics such as polystyrene (PS) and polyolefin (PO) films can be used as convenient substrates for pattern shrinkage.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

UV‐Micropatterned Miniaturization: Rapid In Situ Photopatterning and Miniaturization of Microscale Features on Shrinkable Thermoplastics

Song

Shah

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Shrink lithography is a promising top‐down micro/nanofabrication technique capable of miniaturizing patterns/structures to scales much smaller than the initial mold, however, rapid inexpensive fabrication of high‐fidelity shrinkable microfeatures remains challenging. This work reports the discovery and characterization of a simple, fast, low‐cost method for replicating and miniaturizing intricate micropatterns/structures on commodity heat‐shrinkable polymers. Large‐area permanent micropatterning on polystyrene and polyolefin shrink film is attained in one step under ambient conditions through brief irradiation by a shortwave UV pencil lamp. After baking briefly in an oven, the film shrinks biaxially and the miniaturized micropatterns emerge with significantly reduced surface area (up to 95%) and enhanced depth profile. The entire UV‐micropatterned miniaturization process is highly reproducible and achievable on benchtop under a few minutes without chemicals or sophisticated apparatus. A variety of microgrid patterns are replicated and miniaturized with high yield and resolution on both planar and curved surfaces. Sequential UV exposures enable easy and rapid engineering of sophisticated microtopography with miniaturized, multiscale, multidimensional microstructures. UV–ozone micropatterned polystyrene surfaces are well‐suited for lab‐on‐a‐chip analytical applications owing to the inherent biocompatibility and enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Miniaturization of dense, periodic micropatterns may facilitate low‐cost prototyping of functional devices/surfaces such as micro‐optics/sensors and tunable metamaterials.

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Generation of Sub‐micrometer‐scale Patterns by Successive Miniaturization Using Hydrogels

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Fabrication of Miniaturized Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs)

Fabrication of Miniaturized Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs)

Differential Behavior of Normal and Fibrotic Fibroblasts under the Synergistic Influence of Micropillar Topography and the Rigidity of Honey/Silk-Fibroin Substrates

UV‐Micropatterned Miniaturization: Rapid In Situ Photopatterning and Miniaturization of Microscale Features on Shrinkable Thermoplastics

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