Generation of Paired Photons with Controllable Waveforms

Balić, Vlatko; Braje, Danielle; Kolchin, Pavel; Yin, G. Y.; Harris, S. E.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.183601

Cited by 382 publications

(426 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…These include decay of the doubly excited states in semiconductors (Edamatsu et al, 2004;Stevenson et al, 2007), four-wave mixing in optical fibers (Garay-Palmett et al, 2007 or cold atomic gases (Balić et al, 2005;Cho et al, 2014). Here, we focus on the oldest and most established method for their production -parametric downconversion (PDC) in birefringent crystals (Kwiat et al, 1995;Wu et al, 1986).…”

Section: Entangled Photons Generation By Parametric Down Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical signals and spectroscopy with quantum light

2016

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Conventional nonlinear spectroscopy uses classical light to detect matter properties through the variation of its response with frequencies or time delays. Quantum light opens up new avenues for spectroscopy by utilizing parameters of the quantum state of light as novel control knobs and through the variation of photon statistics by coupling to matter. We present an intuitive diagrammatic approach for calculating ultrafast spectroscopy signals induced by quantum light, focusing on applications involving entangled photons with nonclassical bandwidth properties -known as "time-energy entanglement". Nonlinear optical signals induced by quantized light fields are expressed using time ordered multipoint correlation functions of superoperators in the joint field plus matter phase space. These are distinct from Glauber's photon counting formalism which use normally ordered products of ordinary operators in the field space. One notable advantage for spectroscopy applications is that entangled photon pairs are not subjected to the classical Fourier limitations on the joint temporal and spectral resolution. After a brief survey of properties of entangled photon pairs relevant to their spectroscopic applications, different optical signals, and photon counting setups are discussed and illustrated for simple multi-level model systems.

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Section: Entangled Photons Generation By Parametric Down Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical signals and spectroscopy with quantum light

2016

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“…The DLCZ protocol introduced a number of novel ideas for quantum information processing and is the subject of active investigation. In this direction, nonclassical correlations [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24] and entanglement [25] have been observed between pairs of photons emitted by a single atomic ensemble. Observations of coherence between two cylindrical volumes of cold Rubidium atoms within a single magneto-optical trap have also been reported [26], although entanglement was not demonstrated between the two regions [27,28].…”

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Measurement-induced entanglement for excitation stored in remote atomic ensembles

Chou

Riedmatten

Felinto

et al. 2005

Nature

581

672

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A critical requirement for diverse applications in Quantum Information Science is the capability to disseminate quantum resources over complex quantum networks [1,2]. For example, the coherent distribution of entangled quantum states together with quantum memory to store these states can enable scalable architectures for quantum computation [3], communication [4], and metrology [5]. As a significant step toward such possibilities, here we report observations of entanglement between two atomic ensembles located in distinct apparatuses on different tables. Quantum interference in the detection of a photon emitted by one of the samples projects the otherwise independent ensembles into an entangled state with one joint excitation stored remotely in 10 5 atoms at each site [6]. After a programmable delay, we confirm entanglement by mapping the state of the atoms to optical fields and by measuring mutual coherences and photon statistics for these fields. We thereby determine a quantitative lower bound for the entanglement of the joint state of the ensembles. Our observations provide a new capability for the distribution and storage of entangled quantum states, including for scalable quantum communication networks [6].Entanglement is a uniquely quantum mechanical property of the correlations among various components of a physical system. Initial demonstrations of entanglement were made for photon pairs from the fluorescence in atomic cascades [7,8] and from parametric down conversion [9]. More recently, entanglement has been recognized as a critical resource for accomplishing tasks that are otherwise impossible in the classical domain [1]. Spectacular advances have been made in the generation of quantum entanglement for diverse physical systems [1, 2], including entanglement stored for many seconds in trapped ions for distances on the millimeter scale [10,11], long-lived entanglement of macroscopic quantum spins persisting for milliseconds on the centimeter scale [12], and remote entanglement carried by photon pairs over distances of tens of kilometers of optical fibers [13].For applications in quantum information science, entanglement can be created deterministically by way of precise control of quantum dynamics for a physical system, or probabilistically by way of quantum interference in a suitable measurement with random instances of success. In the latter case, it is essential that success be heralded unambiguously so that the resulting entangled state is available for subsequent utilization. In either case, quantum memory is required to store the entangled states until they are required for the protocol at hand.There are by now several examples of entanglement generated "on demand," [1] beginning with the realization of the EPR paradox for continuous quantum variables [14] and the deterministic entanglement of the discrete internal states of two trapped ions [15]. Important progress has been made towards measurement-induced entanglement on various fronts, including the observation of entanglement between a trapped...

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“…[11] and references therein. It was not until recently that such a scheme was implemented in continuous mode in an efficient way in both the low [12,13,14] and the high [15,16] intensity regimes, where it was shown to generate twin beams where quantum correlations are not masked by competing effects.…”

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Strong low-frequency quantum correlations from a four-wave-mixing amplifier

et al. 2008

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We show that a simple scheme based on nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor behaves like a near-perfect phase-insensitive optical amplifier, which can generate bright twin beams with a measured quantum noise reduction in the intensity difference of more than 8 dB, close to the best optical parametric amplifiers and oscillators. The absence of a cavity makes the system immune to external perturbations, and the strong quantum noise reduction is observed over a large frequency range.PACS numbers: 42.50. Gy, 42.50.Dv Two-mode squeezed beams have become a valuable source of entanglement for quantum communications and quantum information processing [1]. These applications bring specifi requirements on the squeezed light sources. For instance, for squeeze light to be used as a quantum information carrier interacting with material system, as in an atomic quantum memory, the light field must be resonant with an atomic transition and spectrally narrow to ensure an efficient coupling between light and matter. In recent years, attention has also been brought to the problem of the manipulation of cold atomic samples with non-classical fields in order to produce non-classical matter waves [2,3,4]. In this case, the slow atomic dynamics also requires squeezing at low frequencies.The standard technique for generating nonclassical light fields is by parametric down-conversion in a crystal, with an optical parametric oscillator or an optical parametric amplifier [5,6]. While very large amounts of quantum noise reduction have been achieved in this way [7,8], controlling the frequency and the linewidth of the light remains a challenge. Only recently have sources based on periodically-poled nonlinear crystals been developed at 795 nm to couple to the Rb D1 atomic line [9,10]. On the other hand, stimulated four-wave mixing (4WM) naturally generates narrow-band light close to an atomic resonance, but its development as an efficient source of squeezed light has been hindered by fundamental limitations such as spontaneous emission. At the end of the 1990s, nondegenerate 4WM in a double-lambda scheme was identified as a possible workaround for these limitations, as described in Ref.[11] and references therein. It was not until recently that such a scheme was implemented in continuous mode in an efficient way in both the low [12,13,14] and the high [15,16] intensity regimes, where it was shown to generate twin beams where quantum correlations are not masked by competing effects.The double-lambda scheme gives rise to complex atomic dynamics and propagation properties, such as slow-light effects [17]. In this Letter, we show that in spite of this complexity, the quantum properties of the scheme can be accurately described as the combination of a perfect amplifier and a partial absorber. This model allows us to optimize the quantum noise reduction in the intensity difference of the bright twin beams and to isolate the limiting factors of this reduction. It also helps to identify regions of the parameter space where the syst...

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Generation of Paired Photons with Controllable Waveforms

Cited by 382 publications

References 21 publications

Nonlinear optical signals and spectroscopy with quantum light

Nonlinear optical signals and spectroscopy with quantum light

Measurement-induced entanglement for excitation stored in remote atomic ensembles

Strong low-frequency quantum correlations from a four-wave-mixing amplifier

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