Generation of new salt-tolerant wheat lines and transcriptomic exploration of the responsive genes to ethylene and salt stress

Abstract

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in the world, but is only moderately salt tolerant. However, salt stress affects one-fth of irrigated agricultural land in the world, it is of great importance to cultivate salt-tolerant varieties to improve the global wheat production.Results: In this study, over 90,000 wheat seeds of cultivar 'Luyuan502' were mutated by EMS, and 2000 salt-tolerant lines were harvested from salinized eld. By analysis of ethylene sensitivity, salt related physiological factors, and preliminary crop yield, 12 salt-tolerant wheat lines with high production were selected among the crop plants. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a large number of the transcripts levels were signi cantly altered, mainly based on antenna proteins involved in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cyanoamino acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathways including CABs, PERs/PODs, BGLUs, CYP707s, and ZEPs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of salt-related genes in the wheat lines were mostly higher than the wild type, and salt stress can signi cantly increase the expression levels of the ethylene-related genes in the wheat lines. Based on transcriptomic data, nine novel wheat ERFs were identi ed and analyzed, and it is suggested that they may play important roles in mediation of ethylene response and salt tolerance.Conclusion: Salt-tolerant wheat mutant lines with ethylene insensitivity were obtained from screen of a wheat EMS-mutagenized pool. Transcriptome data showed that the mutant plants exhibit signi cant alterations in the antenna proteins involved in various biological processes. Expression analysis suggests that ERFs may mediate ethylene response and salt tolerance of the wheat lines.

Ethylene reduces glucose sensitivity and reverses photosynthetic repression through optimization of glutathione production in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…As a result, the light-harvesting complex proteins were stabilized in the well-organized chloroplast that improved the photosynthesis under salt stress. Ma et al 62 found that wheat mutant lines with decreased ethylene sensitivity exhibited enhanced salt tolerance, suggesting ethylene sensitivity relation to salt tolerance. Overexpression of TaERF3 (an ethylene-response factor) in wheat resulted in increased tolerance to salt and drought stress 63 .…”

Genome-Wide Transcriptomic and Proteomic Exploration of Molecular Regulations in Quinoa Responses to Ethylene and Salt Stress

“…Plant hormones play important roles in various stress responses. For instance, ABA is thought to be essential for plant responses to abiotic stresses in many plant species including wheat, rice, and Magnolia wufengensis [19,25,37]. For example, it was reported that the rice Osnced5 mutant reduced the ABA level and decreased salt tolerance, while OsNCED5 overexpression increased the ABA level and enhanced salt tolerance, indicating the importance of ABA to the salt tolerance of rice [37].…”

“…Ethylene also functions in plant responses to salt stress. For example, the Arabidopsis ethylene insensitive mutants ethylene response1-1 (etr1-1), etr2-1, ethylene insensitive2-1 (ein2-1), ein2-5, ein3-1, and ein4-1 showed reduced salt tolerance [22][23][24], while the tobacco and wheat mutants with reduced ethylene sensitivity exhibited increased salt resistance [25,26]. It was reported that ethylene was important for salt responses of Arabidopsis, grapevines, maize, and tomato, and ethyleneregulated salt responses in plants mainly by maintaining the homeostasis of Na + /K + ratio, nutrients, and ROS, and the assimilation of nitrates and sulfates [27].…”

Differentially reset transcriptomes and genome bias response orchestrate wheat response to phosphate deficiency

“…The cyanoamino acid metabolism is important for resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought (Li et al 2017) and salt (Ma et al 2021b). In this metabolic process, cyanogenic glycosides, including dhurrin, linamarin, and lotaustralin, are the products; these products can be converted back to the reactants, which are catalyzed by beta‐glucosidase (Figure 9C).…”

“…It should be noticed that, during phenylalanine metabolic process, besides lignin, other biologically important compounds such as flavonoids (anthocyanins), stilbenes and gingerol catalyzed by 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 3 are also produced (Figure 9A). These compounds play an The cyanoamino acid metabolism is important for resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought (Li et al 2017) and salt (Ma et al 2021b). In this metabolic process, cyanogenic glycosides, including dhurrin, linamarin, and lotaustralin, are the products; these products can be converted back to the reactants, which are catalyzed by beta-glucosidase (Figure 9C).…”