Generation of microparticles from copper-chromium contacts in vacuum

Kamikawaji, T.; Shioiri, T.; Funahashi, T.; Okawa, M.; Kaneko, E.; Ohshima, I.

doi:10.1109/61.368387

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…According to the experimental results of Popov et al [20], multiple MPs are usually splashed out from the active anode during the arc-burning process. According to literature [21,22], MPs are usually spherical, with typical sizes ranging from several microns to several hundred microns, and the diameter of larger MPs can be up to 0.7 mm. In addition, the MPs will bounce in the interelectrode region, and will be in different positions in the interelectrode region at different times [13].…”

Section: The Simulation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc

Zhao

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In the arc-burning process of a high-current vacuum arc (HCVA), the metal particles (MPs) splashed from the active anode will have a significant influence on the plasma characteristics of the arc column. In this paper, the influence of varying MPs on the characteristics of HCVA are studied by establishing a HCVA model containing single or multiple MPs. The simulation results show that when the MPs vaporized metal vapor (MV) enters the interelectrode region and once the arc column plasma cannot ionize all atoms immediately, the ionization layer and the neutral atom vapor area (NAVA) will be formed in the adjacent region of the MPs. When the MP diameter and temperature increase, the number of vaporized metal atoms increases, so that the influence range of MV increases, and the area of ionization layer and the NAVA increases. In addition, when the arc current increases or the MPs are closer to the cathode surface, the greater the ion number density and ion pressure around the MPs are, the stronger the compression on the MV will be, resulting in the decrease of the area of ionization layer and the neutral atom vapor, and the increase of the net ionization rate of the ion number density. When multiple MPs exist in the interelectrode region at the same time, the MV from the MPs will affect each other. In the central region of multiple MPs, the density of MV becomes the largest, while the net ionization rate of ion number density is distributed in the periphery region of the MP group.

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Section: The Simulation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc

Zhao

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Although the size of MPs spattered by the active anode is not measured in the article, it can be seen from the shadow pictures that the MPs are larger. By comparing with the electrode system, it can be known that the diameters of the MPs range from tens to hundreds of micrometers (as shown in figure 4, the MP diameter is about 700 µm), which is much larger than that of MPs spattered by the cathode (diameters usually range from a few micrometers to tens of micrometers, and with a few to hundreds of micrometers [6,23]). In [17], the laser shadow method is also used to study the MP in the interelectrode area of 25 mm diameter Cu electrode after low current and high current arcing, the experimental results show that there are MPs produced by the cathode and anode at the same time in the interelectrode area, but their properties are obviously different.…”

Section: Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of high-current vacuum arc plasma

Huang¹,

Zhao²,

Bai³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In the arcing process of high-current vacuum arc, the metal particles spattered from the active anode will have a significant influence on the plasma characteristics of the arc column when they entrance the interelectrode area. In this paper, the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc with metal particle are studied by modeling and simulation. The results show that the vapor produced by metal particle will obviously cool the arc plasma and reduce the current density in the vicinity area of the metal particle. In addition, the metal particle will hinder the movement of the cathodic plasma and complicate the ion density distribution and movement process near the metal particle. Finally, an obvious ionization layer will be formed around the metal particle. When the metal vapor passes through the ionization layer, the vapor will be ionized rapidly, and an abundance of ions will be produced at the same time. The research results are of great significance for the deep understanding of arcing process of high-current vacuum arc.

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“…It is also known that such microparticles are produced in pluralities when the current is interrupted. For example, Kamikawaji et al . demonstrated the presence of many conductive microparticles, in the form of granules or thin flakes, on machined copper‐chrome electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also known that such microparticles are produced in pluralities when the current is interrupted. For example, Kamikawaji et al 12 demonstrated the presence of many conductive microparticles, in the form of granules or thin flakes, on machined copper-chrome electrodes. Additionally, they demonstrated that 5.7-8.7 × 10 5 microparticles having a size of tens of m or less were produced per 1 cm 2 as a result of interrupting a rated current of 1 kA-50 Hz 100 times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo simulation of microparticle motion in vacuum gap

Ejiri

Kumada

Hidaka

et al. 2018

Electrical Engineering Japan

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Breakdown voltages of vacuum gaps become lower when the gaps are contaminated by metallic and ceramic microparticles. In this paper, the motion of the microparticles in the gap is simulated using Monte Carlo method in order to evaluate the effect of parameters upon motion and the removal time of the microparticles. As the parameters, we focused on the material of the microparticle, the frequency, the peak value of the applied voltage, the gap length, and the diameter of the lower and upper electrodes. It turned out that the maximum time needed to remove all microparticles could be expressed as multiple regression function. It is suggested that the reliability of the microparticle removal can be increased by spark conditioning with opening/closing operation.

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Generation of microparticles from copper-chromium contacts in vacuum

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Numerical investigation on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc

Numerical investigation on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of a high-current vacuum arc

Study on the influence of metal particles on the characteristics of high-current vacuum arc plasma

Monte Carlo simulation of microparticle motion in vacuum gap

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