Generation of low-frequency electric and magnetic fields during large- scale chemical and nuclear explosions

Адушкин, В. В.; Dubinya, V.A.; Karaseva, V.A.; Soloviev, S. P.; Сурков, В. В.

doi:10.2172/100363

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[26,27] Given the predicted small amplitude of the geomagnetic bubble signal in the current model it is possible that the geomagnetic bubble signal was present, but hidden by a larger source. Adushkin et al [7] and Sweeney [8] suggests rock fracture. All have their problems explaining Zablocki's observations.…”

Section: Use Of the Analytic Model In The Evaluation Of Zablocki's Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniform and Half-Space Models for Magnetic Dipole Sources in a Conducting Medium: I. Theory and Results

Clodius

2013

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Underground nuclear events result in electromagnetic signals near the event location. Of particular interest, because its signal can be potentially enhanced by the use of large cavities to decouple the seismic signal, is the generation of an EMP signal within the nuclear detonation (NUDET) cavity, from the formation of a bubble in the local magnetic field. This mechanism is equivalent to a buried time varying magnetic dipole. In order to model such signals Los Alamos National Laboratory is developing a detailed model for the propagation of RF signals from buried sources to nearby sensors, with a focus on sources that are magnetic dipole in character. In order to validate this code, models for simple geometries involving magnetic dipole sources have been implemented. These models represent the fields from vertical and horizontal dipoles in cylindrical coordinates, either in a uniform linear isotropic electrical medium, or in a space consisting of two half spaces interfacing at the plane z=0, with the upper half space having the electrical properties of free space and the lower half space having arbitrary linear conductivity and electrical permittivity. While primarily intended for the validation of the more detailed model, the shorter turnaround time of these models facilitates the study of the general properties of geomagnetic bubble signals. This report summarizes the theory and example results for those models. The use of the model for model validation is illustrated with the near and surface fields for dipoles with Gaussian time dependence. Also examined are the surface fields expected for the geomagnetic bubble predicted by the numerical model of Kovalenko et al for a 1 kt nuclear detonation. The model of Kovalenko et al was also rescaled to allow comparison with Zablocki's electric field observations for Bilby, Event III, and Event V. While the rescaled Kovalenko et al model had approximately the right time scale for the duration of the main peak, and a slower fall than rise also in qualitative agreement with the observations, the predicted signals had very different polarizations, were too low by more than an order of magnitude, and had less temporal structure. A simple comparison with the vertical B field data of Sweeney, where the detailed event geometries and yields are classified, but the sensor range and bounds on the yields are given, suggest that the scaled Kovalenko et al model gives too small a peak field compared to observations for that data set as well, except perhaps for the Borate event. A companion report will give a detailed discussion of the implementation and code.

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Section: Use Of the Analytic Model In The Evaluation Of Zablocki's Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniform and Half-Space Models for Magnetic Dipole Sources in a Conducting Medium: I. Theory and Results

Clodius

2013

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“…Emission of electrons, positive ions, and photons from rock undergoing fracture have been reported by Brady and Rowell (1986), Cress et al (1987), Dickinson et al (1981), Enomoto and Hashimoto (1990), and Khatiashvili and Perel'man (1989) among others. Most of these authors suggest, as Adushkin et al (1995) do, that as a fracture develops and advances, there is a charge separation on each face of the fracture. It is this charge separation that produces the electric and magnetic fields which may be large enough locally to cause emissions of charged particles and discharges of current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Wouters (1989) and Malik et al (1985) suggest that ground motion beyond the region of cavity formation can create a magnetohydrodynamic wave (the seismoelectric effect of Malik and others) that can also be a source of EMP. Adushkin et al (1995) suggest that an EMP could be caused by rock fracturing. Making a positive identification and characterization of these different sources of EMP from explosions is a very difficult problem that lies beyond the scope of this study, but below I discuss some findings from the literature concerning rock fracturing as a source of EMP and look at the possibility of hydrofracturing as a source of the EMP from the NPE underground chemical explosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is this charge separation that produces the electric and magnetic fields which may be large enough locally to cause emissions of charged particles and discharges of current. O' Keefe and Thiel (1995) and Adushkin et al (1995) have advanced models to allow computation of the charge separation effect. Enomoto and Hashimoto (1990) suggest that a massive failure occurring at ground level with a one second duration could produce a total electric charge comparable to that of a bolt of lightning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-frequency electromagnetic measurements as a zero-time discriminant of nuclear and chemical explosions -- OSI research final report

Sweeney¹

1996

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This is the final report on a series of investigations of low frequency (1-40 Hz) electromagnetic signals produced by above ground and underground chemical explosions and their use for confidence building under the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty. I conclude that low frequency electromagnetic measurements can be a very powerful tool for zero-time discrimination of chemical and nuclear explosions for yields of 1 Kt or greater, provided that sensors can be placed within 1-2 km of the suspected detonation point in a tamper-proof, low noise environment. The report includes descriptions and analyses of low frequency electromagnetic measurements associated with chemical explosions carried out in a variety of settings (shallow borehole, open pit mining, underground mining). I examine cavity pressure data from the Non-Proliferation Experiment (underground chemical explosion) and present the hypothesis that electromagnetic signals produced by underground chemical explosions could be produced during rock fracturing. I also review low frequency electromagnetic data from underground nuclear explosions acquired by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory during the late 1980s.2 Nevada Test Site (NTS). The report by Sweeney (1995) gives the details of the mine measurements and preliminary results from the Kuchen experiment. Experience at Henderson Mine revealed difficulties involved with surface measurements of events occurring deep underground in a noisy mine environment. The Carlin experience indicated that the EM signal from a ripple-fired surface explosion is smaller than what would be expected from a single explosion equivalent in size to the total ripple-fired yield. Preliminary results of the Kuchen experiment indicated that the arming and firing circuitry can produce low frequency EM signals detectable at the surface near the borehole.In this report, all the results of the Kuchen experiment are discussed along with results of two additional experiments carried out during FY96: measurements of several underground chemical explosions at the Linchburg experiment site in New Mexico and measurements done during a hydrofracturing experiment at the Lost Hills oil field in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. The final section of this report contains a summary of our current understanding of the phenomena of low frequency EM generated by chemical and nuclear explosions.

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Generation of low-frequency electric and magnetic fields during large- scale chemical and nuclear explosions

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Uniform and Half-Space Models for Magnetic Dipole Sources in a Conducting Medium: I. Theory and Results

Uniform and Half-Space Models for Magnetic Dipole Sources in a Conducting Medium: I. Theory and Results

Low-frequency electromagnetic measurements as a zero-time discriminant of nuclear and chemical explosions -- OSI research final report

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