Generation of internal waves in the deep ocean by tides

Nycander, Jonas

doi:10.1029/2004jc002487

Cited by 177 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Our demonstration of phytoplankton cell size being sensitive to gradients in physical mixing suggests that knowledge of baroclinic energy dissipation globally (e.g. Nycander, 2005) could be a valuable component in explaining present-day community structure and potential for POC export. On longer time scales the distribution of internal tides will alter as sea level changes between glacial and inter-glacial periods, or as the shape and length of margins changes due to different continental configurations.…”

Section: A Role In Particulate Organic Carbon (Poc) Export At the Shementioning

confidence: 99%

Internal tidal mixing as a control on continental margin ecosystems

Sharples

Moore

Hickman

et al. 2009

Geophysical Research Letters

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Abstract.We show that a breaking internal tide at a shelf edge is a fundamental control on the structural and functional properties of ecosystems. Contrasts in vertical mixing of nitrate between the shelf and the open ocean correspond with horizontal and vertical changes in phytoplankton communities, with largest cells found in surface waters at the shelf edge. Intense fishing activity is commonly seen at continental shelf edges, targeting spawning fish stocks. We suggest that the internal tide, a globally ubiquitous physical process at steep shelf edge bathymetry, supports shelf edge fisheries by providing large-celled phytoplankton for first-feeding fish larvae. The repeatability of the internal tide removes fish from the need to time spawning with a spring bloom. Also, with large phytoplankton cells dominating particulate organic carbon export, the internal tides could be an important influence on spatial and temporal variability in patterns of global carbon sequestration in deep water and sediments.

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Section: A Role In Particulate Organic Carbon (Poc) Export At the Shementioning

confidence: 99%

Internal tidal mixing as a control on continental margin ecosystems

Sharples

Moore

Hickman

et al. 2009

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…For large Fr, the flow is relatively unaffected by the topography, whereas for small F r the flow is blocked by the topography. Nycander (2005) outlines the regimes delimited by F r: for large R L (i.e. the quasi-steady flow limit (Bell, 1975)) the flow response to the topography is linear if F r >> 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary simulations of internal waves and mixing generated by finite amplitude tidal flow over isolated topography

Legg

Huijts

2006

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

111

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Much recent observational evidence suggests that energy from the barotropic tides may be used for mixing in the deep ocean. Here the process of internal tide generation and dissipation by tidal flow over an isolated Gaussian topography is examined, using 2-dimensional numerical simulations employing the MITgcm. Four different topographies are considered, for five different amplitudes of barotropic forcing, thereby allowing a variety of combinations of key nondimensional parameters.While much recent attention has focused on the role of relative topographic steepness and height in modifying the rate of conversion of energy from barotropic to baroclinic modes, here attention is focused on parameters dependent on the flow amplitude. For narrow topography, large amplitude forcing gives rise to baroclinic responses at higher harmonics of the forcing frequency.Tall narrow topographies are found to be the most conducive to mixing. Dissipation rates in these calculations are most efficient for the narrowest topography.

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“…Tidal dissipation in Earth's ocean was directly measured from TOPEX and Poseidon satellite data by Egbert and Ray (2000), who found that 50-75% of dissipation occurs in and around shallow seas, with the remainder in the open ocean, presumably due to turbulence caused by topography. Recent computer simulations have successfully reproduced this observation ( Jayne, 2001;Nycander, 2005;Kelly et al, 2010). For a more complete treatment of this process, consult the work of Garrett and Kunze (2007).…”

Section: E4 Tidal Response In Celestial Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal Venuses: Triggering a Climate Catastrophe via Tidal Heating

et al. 2013

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Traditionally, stellar radiation has been the only heat source considered capable of determining global climate on long timescales. Here, we show that terrestrial exoplanets orbiting low-mass stars may be tidally heated at highenough levels to induce a runaway greenhouse for a long-enough duration for all the hydrogen to escape. Without hydrogen, the planet no longer has water and cannot support life. We call these planets ''Tidal Venuses'' and the phenomenon a ''tidal greenhouse.'' Tidal effects also circularize the orbit, which decreases tidal heating. Hence, some planets may form with large eccentricity, with its accompanying large tidal heating, and lose their water, but eventually settle into nearly circular orbits (i.e., with negligible tidal heating) in the habitable zone (HZ). However, these planets are not habitable, as past tidal heating desiccated them, and hence should not be ranked highly for detailed follow-up observations aimed at detecting biosignatures. We simulated the evolution of hypothetical planetary systems in a quasi-continuous parameter distribution and found that we could constrain the history of the system by statistical arguments. Planets orbiting stars with masses < 0.3 M Sun may be in danger of desiccation via tidal heating. We have applied these concepts to Gl 667C c, a *4.5 M Earth planet orbiting a 0.3 M Sun star at 0.12 AU. We found that it probably did not lose its water via tidal heating, as orbital stability is unlikely for the high eccentricities required for the tidal greenhouse. As the inner edge of the HZ is defined by the onset of a runaway or moist greenhouse powered by radiation, our results represent a fundamental revision to the HZ for noncircular orbits. In the appendices we review (a) the moist and runaway greenhouses, (b) hydrogen escape, (c) stellar mass-radius and mass-luminosity relations, (d) terrestrial planet mass-radius relations, and (e) linear tidal theories.

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Generation of internal waves in the deep ocean by tides

Cited by 177 publications

References 25 publications

Internal tidal mixing as a control on continental margin ecosystems

Internal tidal mixing as a control on continental margin ecosystems

Preliminary simulations of internal waves and mixing generated by finite amplitude tidal flow over isolated topography

Tidal Venuses: Triggering a Climate Catastrophe via Tidal Heating

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