Generation of intense pulsed electron beams by the pseudospark discharge

Benker, W.; Christiansen, J.; Frank, K.; Gundel, Hartmut; Hartmann, Werner; Redel, Thomas; Stetter, M.

doi:10.1109/27.41196

Cited by 76 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Pseudospark-sourced electron beam has been recognized as an electron beam source with higher combined brightness (up to 10 ) and current density (can be higher than 10 8 A/m 2 ) than other electron beam source [1][2][3][4] . The self-focusing feature of the pseudospark-sourced electron beam also offers the additional benefit of not requiring any external guiding magnetic field, which can greatly simplify the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the conductive stage, the electron beam current is much higher than in stage 2 but the beam energy is limited because the voltage across the discharge gap has already collapsed. Due to the transient nature of the pseudospark discharge, the duration of the high energy electron beam is limited to a narrow range of about 10 ~ 30 ns according to most experimental results on various pseudospark discharge structures 2,[11][12][13][14] . The discharge voltage of the pseudospark discharge is sensitive to gas pressure and varies greatly in a narrow gas pressure range while the discharge voltage also varies due to the statistical property of the discharge process even under a fixed gas pressure [15][16][17] , which may cause some stability problems of the devices driven by pseudosparksourced electron beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced post-acceleration methodology for pseudospark-sourced electron beam

et al. 2017

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/59731/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the During its conductive phase, a pseudospark discharge is able to generate a low energy electron beam with a higher combined current density and brightness compared with electron beams formed from any other known type of electron source. In this paper, a configuration is proposed to post-accelerate an electron beam extracted from a single-gap pseudospark discharge cavity in order to achieve high quality high energy intense electron beams. The major advancement is that the triggering of the pseudospark discharge, the pseudospark discharge itself and the post-accelerating of the electron beam are all driven by a single high voltage pulse. An electron beam with beam current of ~20 A, beam voltage of 40 kV and duration of ~180 ns has been generated using this structure. The beam energy can be adjusted through adjusting the amplitude of the voltage pulse and the operating voltage of the whole structure which can be varied from 24 to 50 kV with an efficient triggering method under fixed gas pressure below ~10 Pa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced post-acceleration methodology for pseudospark-sourced electron beam

et al. 2017

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“…An intense electron beam will be generated during the discharge process and can be extracted from the discharge chamber through a central axial aperture in the electrodes [1][2][3][4] . The pseudospark-sourced electron beam has attractive applications in many fields such as free electron masers 5 , extreme-ultraviolet 6 and soft x-ray 7 radiation sources, especially in driving THz radiation sources [8][9][10][11] due to its high current density and brightness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the beam profile and position instability of a post-accelerated pseudospark-sourced electron beam

et al. 2017

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/60089/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. A pseudospark-sourced electron beam is a promising candidate for driving a THz millimeter wave radiation source. However, the physics governing the electron beam density profile and the beam center deviation from the axis of the structure, which may be caused by the randomness in the pseudospark discharge process, remains still unclear especially for the high energy component of the pseudospark-sourced electron beam which is usually non-mono-energetic. It is essential to study the electron beam density profile and the beam center position distribution for optimizing the pseudospark discharge configuration. In this paper, images of some single-shot electron beam pulses have been captured using a 50 m thickness stopping copper foil and a phosphor screen coated with P47 scintillator to study the electron beam density profile and the beam center position distribution of the high energy component of the electron beam. The experiments have been carried out on two pseudospark discharge configurations with two different size hollow cathode cavities. The influence of the cathode aperture of each configuration has also been studied according to the beam images. Experimental results show that the beam profile of the high energy component has a Lorentzian distribution and is much smaller than the axial aperture size with the beam centers dispersing within a certain range around the axis of the discharge structure. The pseudospark-sourced electron beam with the larger hollow cathode cavity shows smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM) radius and a more concentrated beam center distribution.

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“…Prebreakdown electron beams are well-centered ON-axis and induce the formation of a fast ionization wave, which propagates axially through the capillary length [8]. The characteristic energy of the electron beams emitted during the high-speed ionization wave propagation can be equal to, but often substantially higher than the energy expected from the applied potential [21], [22]. For the second electron beam, typical currents of around tens of milliamps have been measured [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Cathode Electron Beam Formation and Effects on X-Ray Emission in Capillary Discharges

Valdivia

Wyndham

Favre

2015

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Electron beams produced by the hollow cathode effect are studied in a compact gas filled 24-kV, 5-kA capillary discharge. The characteristics and role of electron beams on X-ray production are studied in order to better understand their impact on X-ray production. X-ray plasma emission is analyzed with a spectrometer, while wideband diodes and Faraday cup probe both electron beams and X-rays. Electron beams of >5 keV are observed early on the discharge and two types of electron beams are identified: a first beam of high energy and low current (with a speed of ∼5 × 10 7 m/s and a current density of ∼4 × 10 −2 A/cm 2 ) enhanced by larger cathode apertures, and a second beam of low energy and high current enhanced by smaller cathode apertures. The use of a simple configuration of external magnets prevents X-ray fluorescence production, caused by electron beams, from reaching electronic detectors hence confusion when evaluating X-ray yield from the plasma source is avoided. This is particularly important in extreme ultraviolet lithography and soft X-ray production applications. Furthermore, the presence of the external magnets does not modify line emission, which is detected by means of spectrometry. Therefore, the use of external magnets provides a way to discriminate X-ray diode signals produced by source emitted X-rays and X-ray fluorescence from electron beams.

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Generation of intense pulsed electron beams by the pseudospark discharge

Cited by 76 publications

References 3 publications

Advanced post-acceleration methodology for pseudospark-sourced electron beam

Advanced post-acceleration methodology for pseudospark-sourced electron beam

Study of the beam profile and position instability of a post-accelerated pseudospark-sourced electron beam

Hollow Cathode Electron Beam Formation and Effects on X-Ray Emission in Capillary Discharges

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