“…Additionally, conventional PS-based AOPs depend on SO 4 •– , • OH, and superoxide anions (O 2 •– ) free radicals and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), the researches of contribution or cooperation effect of nonfree radical species like high-valence metal oxides were not enough . High-valent Fe(IV)/Fe(V) species, typical nonfree radical species, exhibit greater durability and longevity than SO 4 •– / • OH, with exceptional selectivity for coexisting inorganic ions. , High-valent Fe(IV)/Fe(V) species can be produced in some PS-based AOPs by using a transition metal iron-based activator (e.g., α-Fe 2 O 3 , Fe(dpa)Cl 2 , Fe SA –N-C). Therefore, analyzing the production, role, and identification of Fe(IV)/Fe(V) species in PS-based AOPs is necessary.…”