Generation of highly mutually coherent hard-x-ray pulse pairs with an amplitude-splitting delay line

Li, Haoyuan; Sun, Yanwen; Vila‐Comamala, Joan; Sato, Takahiro; Song, Sanghoon; Sun, Peihao; Seaberg, Matthew; Wang, Nan; Hastings, J. B.; Dunne, Mike; Fuoss, P. H.; Dávid, Christian; Sutton, M.; Zhu, Diling

doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.043050

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, due to x-ray source and optics drifts, such a high μ value cannot be maintained over an entire measurement, which usually lasts more than 6 h. A realignment and geometric optimization of the SDO is therefore needed approximately every 30 min to maintain this high μ value. 21 Therefore, in Sec. III D , we present our design of a high resolution beam profile monitoring system tailored for the pressure cell to optimize x-ray pulse overlap μ .…”

Section: Background On Sp-xpcs Theorymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1 . In sp-XPCS, a fs x-ray FEL pulse is split into a pulse pair with a SDO, 21 and both x-ray pulses are sent to the same location on the sample along the same direction with a controlled relative delay time Δ t between the two pulses. This pulse pair produces a complex interference pattern on the area detector, illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Background On Sp-xpcs Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective overlap μ has significant influence on the sp-XPCS measurement sensitivity and is affected by both the SDO design and its alignment. With the latest grating-based SDO design, 21 almost identical hard x-ray pulse pairs, β 1 ≈ β 2 , can be generated with μ ≥ 0.9 over an extended range of delay times

ps. However, due to x-ray source and optics drifts, such a high μ value cannot be maintained over an entire measurement, which usually lasts more than 6 h. A realignment and geometric optimization of the SDO is therefore needed approximately every 30 min to maintain this high μ value.…”

Section: Background On Sp-xpcs Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For hard x-ray pulses at FELs, the focused x-ray beam size typically used for such measurements is on the order of 1–3 µ m. Due to inherent electron and device instability, it is common practice to check and if necessary adjust the x-ray beam overlap at 30 min time-intervals during operation. 21 To reduce the time associated with beam monitoring and alignment, we designed a dedicated imaging system to facilitate this process, which is shown in Fig. 6 .…”

Section: Pressure Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) ]. 21 Similar to the YAG scintillator screen, it can be quickly accessed by a transverse translation in order to perform regular calibration over the course of an experiment.…”

Section: Fig 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A versatile pressure-cell design for studying ultrafast molecular-dynamics in supercritical fluids using coherent multi-pulse x-ray scattering

Muhunthan,

Li,

Vignat

et al. 2024

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Supercritical fluids (SCFs) can be found in a variety of environmental and industrial processes. They exhibit an anomalous thermodynamic behavior, which originates from their fluctuating heterogeneous micro-structure. Characterizing the dynamics of these fluids at high temperature and high pressure with nanometer spatial and picosecond temporal resolution has been very challenging. The advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers has enabled the development of novel multi-pulse ultrafast x-ray scattering techniques, such as x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and x-ray pump x-ray probe (XPXP). These techniques offer new opportunities for resolving the ultrafast microscopic behavior in SCFs at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, unraveling the dynamics of their micro-structure. However, harnessing these capabilities requires a bespoke high-pressure and high-temperature sample system that is optimized to maximize signal intensity and address instrument-specific challenges, such as drift in beamline components, x-ray scattering background, and multi-x-ray-beam overlap. We present a pressure cell compatible with a wide range of SCFs with built-in optical access for XPCS and XPXP and discuss critical aspects of the pressure cell design, with a particular focus on the design optimization for XPCS.

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Section: Background On Sp-xpcs Theorymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Background On Sp-xpcs Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background On Sp-xpcs Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pressure Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) ]. 21 Similar to the YAG scintillator screen, it can be quickly accessed by a transverse translation in order to perform regular calibration over the course of an experiment.…”

Section: Fig 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A versatile pressure-cell design for studying ultrafast molecular-dynamics in supercritical fluids using coherent multi-pulse x-ray scattering

Muhunthan,

Li,

Vignat

et al. 2024

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Huang

2023

Springer Theses

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Free Electron Lasers for X-ray Scattering and Diffraction

Dunne,

Schoenlein,

Cryan

et al. 2023

Structural Dynamics With X-Ray and Electron Scattering

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Since their discovery more than 100 years ago, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental structure of matter. They have become an indispensable tool for materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, and many related fields. The recent emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) represents a revolution in X-ray science that promises to transform the field for the 21st century. XFELs can generate coherent X-ray beams with both peak brightness and average brightness that are many orders of magnitude higher than those of any other X-ray source. Pulse durations can be as short as 0.2 femtoseconds (fs) to 200 fs, with a time-bandwidth product close to the Fourier transform limit, over a spectral range from 0.2 to >30 keV. New science frontiers enabled by XFELs include (i) sensitive probing of structural dynamics in matter on the fundamental timescales and length scales of atomic motion, (ii) element-specific probing of electronic structure and charge dynamics on fundamental timescales of electronic motion, and (iii) powerful new approaches for unravelling the coupling between electronic and atomic structural dynamics that underpin the properties and function of matter. This chapter outlines the distinguishing capabilities of XFELs and highlights their science impact across broad fields of science.

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Generation of highly mutually coherent hard-x-ray pulse pairs with an amplitude-splitting delay line

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

A versatile pressure-cell design for studying ultrafast molecular-dynamics in supercritical fluids using coherent multi-pulse x-ray scattering

A versatile pressure-cell design for studying ultrafast molecular-dynamics in supercritical fluids using coherent multi-pulse x-ray scattering

Outlook

Free Electron Lasers for X-ray Scattering and Diffraction

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