Generation of high pressure shocks relevant to the shock-ignition intensity regime

Batani, D.; Antonelli, L.; Atzeni, S.; Badziak, J.; Baffigi, F.; Chodukowski, T.; Consoli, F.; Cristoforetti, G.; Angelis, R. De; Dudžák, R.; Folpini, Giulia; Giuffrida, L.; Gizzi, L. A.; Kalinowska, Z.; Koester, P.; Krouský, E.; Krůs, M.; Labate, L.; Levato, T.; Maheut, Y.; Malka, G.; Margarone, D.; Marocchino, A.; Nejdl, J.; Nicolaï, Ph.; O'Dell, T; Pisarczyk, T.; Renner, O.; Rhee, Yun-Hee; Ribeyre, X.; Richetta, M.; Rosiński, M.; Sawicka, Magdalena; Schiavi, A.; Skála, J.; Šmíd, Michal; Spindloe, C.; Ullschmied, J.; Velyhan, A.; Vinci, T.

doi:10.1063/1.4869715

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Of course, this has attracted interest also to the use of Kβ emission as a complementary diagnostic [14]. Finally, Cu tracer layers have recently been used in experiments related to shock ignition, at subrelativistic laser intensities and with hot-electron energies in the range 30-100 keV [29,30].…”

Section: Importance Of Cu Tracer As a Test Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of target heating on experiments usingKαandKβdiagnostics

et al. 2015

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We describe the impact of heating and ionization on emission from the target of Kα and Kβ radiation induced by the propagation of hot electrons generated by laser-matter interaction. We consider copper as a test case and, starting from basic principles, we calculate the changes in emission wavelength, ionization cross section, and fluorescence yield as Cu is progressively ionized. We have finally considered the more realistic case when hot electrons have a distribution of energies with average energies of 50 and 500 keV (representative respectively of "shock ignition" and of "fast ignition" experiments) and in which the ions are distributed according to ionization equilibrium. In addition, by confronting our theoretical calculations with existing data, we demonstrate that this study offers a generic theoretical background for temperature diagnostics in laser-plasma interactions.

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Section: Importance Of Cu Tracer As a Test Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of target heating on experiments usingKαandKβdiagnostics

et al. 2015

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“…Similar to (Koester et al, 2013;Batani et al, 2014a;Pisarczyk et al, 2014), the experiments were performed using Cu massive planar targets covered by 25 μm plastic layer (C 8 H 7 Cl), which were irradiated by the 1ω laser beam (λ = 1.315 μm) at the energy of 250 J. Structure and irradiation geometry of the two-layer target are presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of fast electrons in the laser energy conversion to shock waves was also investigated in our previous research (Gus 'kov et al, 2004;Kalinowska et al, 2012;Koester et al, 2013;Batani et al, 2014a) performed with the PALS iodine laser. At the beginning, massive targets of Al and Cu have been irradiated at various focal spot radii of the fundamental frequency (1ω) and frequency-tripled (3ω) laser beam radiation to identify the mechanisms of the laser absorption and to determine their influence on the absorbed energy transfer to the target Kalinowska et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-plasma effect on laser beam energy transfer to a dense target under conditions relevant to shock ignition

et al. 2015

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This paper reports on properties of a plasma formed by sequential action of two laser beams on a flat target, simulating the conditions of shock-ignited inertial confinement fusion target exposure. The experiments were performed using planar targets consisting of a massive copper (Cu) plate coated with a thin plastic (CH) layer, which was irradiated by the 1ω PALS laser beam (λ = 1.315 μm) at the energy of 250 J. The intensity of the fixed-energy laser beam was scaled by varying the focal spot radius. To imitate shock ignition conditions, the lower-intensity auxiliary 1ω beam created CHpre-plasma which was irradiated by the main beam with a delay of 1.2 ns, thus generating a shock wave in the massive part of the target. To study the parameters of the plasma treated by the two-beam irradiation of the targets, a set of various diagnostics was applied, namely: (i) Two-channel polaro-interferometric system irradiated by the femtosecond laser (∼40 fs), (ii) spectroscopic measurements in the X-ray range, (iii) two-dimensional (2D)-resolved imaging of the K α line emission from Cu, (iv) measurements of the ion emission by means of ion collectors, and (v) measurements of the volume of craters produced in a massive target providing information on the efficiency of the laser energy transfer to the shock wave. The 2D numerical simulations have been used to support the interpretation of experimental data. The general conclusion is that the fraction of the main laser beam energy deposited into the massive copper at twobeam irradiation decreases in comparison with the case of pre-plasma. The reason is that the pre-formed and expanding plasma deteriorates the efficiency of the energy transfer from the main laser pulse to a solid part of the targets by means of the fast electrons and the wave of an electron thermal conductivity.

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“…(1). Therefore, the projected image on the detector will appear enlarged by a factor , with respect to that which would appear if there were no scattering  x , that is, by a factor M with respect to the initial size  x , where  is defi ned as follows: (16) Starting from the above considerations, we can infer that the blurring coeffi cient must remain less than or of the same order on the resolution that we would like to obtain, x, in order to avoid a crossover between different single-proton trajectories and to prevent a consequent loss of the initial spatial target information carried on by protons. The above-mentioned condition can be written in terms of the blurring coeffi cient (i.e.,  is the resolution of our system in analogy with the Rayleigh criterion in optics) (17) 0   - x or in terms of the unit-less parameter ,…”

Section: Proton Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, one can also use XUV interferometry (for instance, with XUV laser sources), but in reality, this is quite challenging [16].…”

Section: Diagnostics Of Laser-produced Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%