Generation of high-brightness coherent radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor

Bokor, Jeffrey; Freeman, R. R.; Panock, R.; White, J. C.

doi:10.1364/ol.6.000182

Cited by 59 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…For perfect phase matching Ak = 2kp -ki -k, = 0, the generated intensity ZFwM is maximized (sinc [O] = 1). From the experimental data values of the nonlinear susceptibility for the four-wave mixing process have been determined by (1) and are given by the rhombs in Fig. 6, assuming an average intensity of 1014 W/cm2 for Z,,.…”

Section: Nm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of tunable short pulse VUV radiation by four-wave mixing in xenon with femtosecond KrF-excimer laser pulses

Tünnermann

Momma

Mossavi

et al. 1993

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-A four-wave difference-frequency mixing scheme based on near resonant two-photon excitation of xenon with a femtosecond KrF-excimer laser system is used to generate tunable short pulse radiation in the VUV and UV spectral range between 133 and 355 nm with output energies of several J by applying tunable nanosecond laser radiation in the range of 1905 nm to 185 nm. At the excimer laser wavelengths of 193 nm (ArF), 308 nm (XeCI) and 351 nm (XeF), the process has been used to generate high power short pulse radiation by double-pass amplification in an additional excimer laser discharge. So far, output energies of 1.9, 3.0, and 2.8 mJ, respectively, have been obtained at pulse durations in the range of 1 ps. Nonlinear susceptibilities for the difference-frequency mixing process were calculated from a stationary susceptibility formalism and compared to experimental values. I . INTRODUCTIONOR the generation of coherent tunable radiation in the F VUV spectral range, four-wave mixing is an important and widely used technique. A good review is given by Reintjes [l]. So far, mostly nanosecond pulse laser sources have been used for this process. By applying different gases and vapors tunable radiation from the near VUV down to about 70 nm has been generated [2]. Up to now, very few experiments have been performed with short pulse radiation [3]- [6].In two-photon resonant four-wave mixing schemes, which are especially favorable [7], [8], normally two photons of a pump laser field (a,) and one photon of an additional (injected) laser field (mi) are used to generate a signal photon (U,) at either the sum frequency w ,~ = 2w, + wi or the difference frequency w, = 2wf -wi. The field with the frequency wi may also be internally generated by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), Raman-or hyperRaman-type processes [9].Basically, the field w, and wi may also both develop from quantum noise, if the induced polarization allows a sufficient high gain and phase matching conditions can be accomplished. This process then corresponds to the optical parametric oscillator/amplifier (OPO/OPA) applied in In principle, the four-wave parametric oscillator (FWPO) scheme is capable of delivering frequencies w, and wi in a broad spectral range. Due to index matching requirements, however, only distinct frequencies have been observed so far and neither tuning experiments comparable to those of the OPO in crystals have been performed nor broadband radiation has been obtained by this process.Recently, we have studied nonlinear processes in the two-photon excitation of xenon with a fs-KrF-excimer laser system [ 121. We observed intense broad-band emissions in the visible and near infrared spectral range (650-850 nm), coupled with a VUV emission (147-155 nm), and an emission in the UV range (1 85-400 nm). The generation process for these emissions was found to be noncollinear phase-matched nonresonant four-wave mixing process starting from quantum noise (FWPO-type process), supported in some cases (visible emission) by internally generated AS...

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Section: Nm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of tunable short pulse VUV radiation by four-wave mixing in xenon with femtosecond KrF-excimer laser pulses

Tünnermann

Momma

Mossavi

et al. 1993

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…We suggest that the generation of emission near the second harmonic, in at least one of these examples, can be thought of as a resonant four-wave-mixing phenomenon [19]. The results obtained for the ls-2s two-photon resonant case could have arisen in the closed sequence of transitions 2$~co +2p 2p -+ 1$+co 1$ +2cop~2$ where co"=2cooco' is the shifted second harmonic (ignoring Rabi splitting and ac Stark effects), and co'-0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(7) shows that the wave function evolved from the ns initial state (for n &2) has with the wave function evolved from the 1s state having a complementary form [Eq. (19) of Ref. [6] ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation emitted by a resonantly driven hydrogen atom

LaGattuta

1993

Phys. Rev. A

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The spectrum of scattered radiation was computed for an electron, bound initially in the 2s state of a hydrogen atom and driven resonantly by the sinusoidal field of a moderately intense ( -10" W/cm ) linearly polarized laser. A numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation was performed for the duration of a 20 -30-fs laser pulse. The radiation which emerges from this transient state was characterized by the autocorrelation function of the electronic acceleration defined as C, (t)= I dt'(is~a(t') a(t't)~ls), as previously described [K. LaGattuta, J. Mod. Opt. 39, 1181 (1992)]. Then the energy spectrum of the radiation was determined from S(Q) =( a3/3') f dt e'"'C, (t). Copious radiation, near the second harmonic, was emitted from this metastable excited state, prior to ionization. PACS number(s): 42.50.Hz, 32.80.Wr

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“…In the VUV Tomkins and M a h o n 8 6 and Bokor et al 95 have reported four-wave parametric oscillation in Hg vapor. The IR results will be discussed in Section 8.3.…”

Section: -ω 3 ' ωmentioning

confidence: 98%

Third-Harmonic Generation and Third-Order Frequency Mixing

Reintjes

1984

Nonlinear Optical Parametric Processes in Liquids and Gases

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Generation of high-brightness coherent radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet by four-wave parametric oscillation in mercury vapor

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

Generation of tunable short pulse VUV radiation by four-wave mixing in xenon with femtosecond KrF-excimer laser pulses

Generation of tunable short pulse VUV radiation by four-wave mixing in xenon with femtosecond KrF-excimer laser pulses

Radiation emitted by a resonantly driven hydrogen atom

Third-Harmonic Generation and Third-Order Frequency Mixing

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