Generation of [H3O]+.(H2O)n clusters by positive corona discharge in air

Pavlik, Martin; Skalný, J. D.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19971030)11:16<1757::aid-rcm16>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Decreasing the humidity and pressure of the gas he was able to observe primary ions formed in corona discharge [2]. The detailed description of the ions formed in positive CD in air under different discharge conditions (high and low values of CD currents) and mechanism of the NO + formation was given in previous studies [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive corona discharge ion source with IMS/MS to detect impurities in high purity Nitrogen

Sabo

Klas²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive corona discharge ion source with IMS/MS to detect impurities in high purity Nitrogen

Sabo

Klas²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…The ion/molecule reactions that occur during air analysis by APCI predominantly result in protonated water clusters (in the absence of a dopant), especially under high-humidity conditions, 46,47 and these primary ions serve as the proton carriers for chemical ionization. The series of water cluster ions produced in positive ionization mode are of the form H + (H 2 O) n .…”

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization in a Miniature Mass Spectrometer

2005

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A miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer featuring an atmospheric pressure interface allowing atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization is described together with its analytical performance characteristics. The vacuum system, ion optics, mass analyzer, control electronics system, and detection system have all been designed and built in-house. The design is based upon a three-stage, differentially pumped vacuum system with the instrument capable of being interfaced to many types of atmospheric pressure ionization sources. Ions are transferred through home-built ion optics, and instrument control is achieved through custom-designed electronics and LabView control software. Corona discharge ionization and electrospray ionization sources are implemented and used to allow the analysis of both gaseous- and solution-phase samples during the characterization of the instrument. An upper mass/charge limit of approximately 450 Th with unit resolution was achieved using a 2.5-mm-internal radius cylindrical ion trap as the mass analyzer. The specificity of the instrument can be increased by employing the MS/MS capabilities of the ion trap and has been demonstrated for nitrobenzene. Limits of detection for the trace analysis in air of the chemical warfare agent simulant methyl salicylate (1.24 ppb) and for nitrobenzene (629 pptr) are achieved. The dynamic range of the instrument is currently limited to approximately 2 orders of magnitude by saturation of the detection electronics. Isolation and collision-induced dissociation efficiencies in MS/MS experiments both greater than 50% are reported. Electrospray/nanospray data are presented on solutions including 100 microM (D,L)-arginine, 10 microM (-)-ephedrine, and 10 microM lomefloxacin.

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“…Increasing RH increases the concentration of water molecules in the air. Water molecules attach to nitrogen and oxygen ions in the air (Pavlik and Skalny 1997), which are the key charge carriers for corona electrostatic coating (Hughes 1997). Thus, the mobility of charge carriers decreases (Chen and Wang 2005), and charging efficiency also decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Relative Humidity on Coating Efficiency in Nonelectrostatic and Electrostatic Coating

Xu¹,

Barringer²

2008

Journal of Food Science

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Fifteen food powders were coated on aluminum targets at 0, +25, and -25 kV using corona electrostatic coating at 20% to 80% relative humidity (RH). The effect of RH on 3 losses, that is, targeting loss, coating loss, and transportation loss, which contribute to coating efficiency, was studied. RH had no effect on targeting loss in either nonelectrostatic or electrostatic coating. In nonelectrostatic coating, increasing RH increased coating loss for powders with particle size > or =297 microm, but had no effect on powders < or =227 microm. Large powders were free-flowing and clumped with increasing RH, and then rolled off the targets, resulting in high coating loss. RH had no effect on nonelectrostatic transportation loss for all powders, except for very high absolute humidity when capillary forces dominated. Electrostatic charging efficiency and powder resistivity decreased with increasing RH. Electrostatic coating loss for salts increased with increasing RH. At high RH, powder resistivity decreases, increasing the charge decay rate, which decreases electrostatic adhesion. Electrostatic coating loss for powders other than salts, whose resistivities are much higher than salts, was not affected by RH until 80% RH. Electrostatic transportation loss for powders other than proteins was not affected by RH. There was no significant difference between positive and negative electrostatic transfer efficiency and adhesion, except for transfer efficiency of soy protein and pork gelatin, whose high positive tribocharging values cause higher positive electrostatic transfer efficiency. A 20% to 60% RH is recommended for both nonelectrostatic and electrostatic coating.

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Generation of [H3O]+.(H2O)n clusters by positive corona discharge in air

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Positive corona discharge ion source with IMS/MS to detect impurities in high purity Nitrogen

Positive corona discharge ion source with IMS/MS to detect impurities in high purity Nitrogen

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization in a Miniature Mass Spectrometer

Effect of Relative Humidity on Coating Efficiency in Nonelectrostatic and Electrostatic Coating

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