Generation of Graphitic Onions

Ugarte, Daniel; Heer, Walt A. de

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85049-3_12

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…After years of experiments, a variety of new methods have been developed for synthesising the OLC, summarised in the following categories: arc discharge method [13][14][15], electron beam irradiation method [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], catalytic decomposition of carbon-containing material [23][24][25][26][27], heat treatment method [28][29][30][31], mechanical milling method [32,33], carbon ion beam implantation [34], detonation [35], radio frequency (rf) plasma and combustion synthesis [36], etc. Various OLCs composing the graphite layers from several to hundreds have been synthesised using the above methods, such as single OLC, hollow OLC and an OLC with a package of various metallic elements within it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HRTEM and Raman characterisation of the onion-like carbon synthesised by annealing detonation nanodiamond at lower temperature and vacuum

Zou¹,

Li²,

Lv³

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Onion-like carbon (OLC) was synthesised by annealing detonation nanodiamond for 1.5 h at temperatures from 500 to 1400 C and at a vacuum of 1 Pa. The results showed that the nanodiamond was transformed into the amorphous carbon (a-C) at first and then the a-C was transformed into the OLC gradually with the increase in annealing temperature. Moreover, at the annealing temperature of 600 C, the nanodiamond started transforming into a-C from the edge of the nanodiamond particle (1 1 1) crystal plane. At the annealing temperature of 750 C, the nanodiamond was transformed into the a-C completely. At the annealing temperature of 850 C, the a-C began transforming into the OLC at the edge area. At the annealing temperature of 1000 C, the OLC particle with a size smaller than 5 nm was synthesised. However, in the centre of the OLC particle, untransformed a-C coexisted. At the annealing temperature of 1100 C, the microstructure of the OLC particle with a size smaller than 5 nm became optimised. At the annealing temperature of 1200 C, the OLC particle with a size larger than 5 nm was fabricated. There was also untransformed a-C coexisting in the centre of the OLC particle. At the annealing temperature of 1350 C, all the a-C was transformed into the OLC. The average size of the OLC was approximately 5 nm, which was the same as that of the nanodiamond. The layers of the OLC were varied from several to 12.

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