Generation of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 from North American ginseng

Popovich, David G.; Kitts, David D.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.11.020

Cited by 93 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…23,24) However the anticancer mechanisms of GRh2 and GRg3 to ALL cell lines remain unknown. In the present study, we observed that 20(S)-GRh2 is significantly more potent at inhibiting proliferation of human acute leukaemia line-Reh cells than GRg3, and that 20(S)-GRh2-induced apoptosis is mediated partially by caspase-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Reh Cells through Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways

Xia

Wang

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Reh Cells through Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways

Xia

Wang

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…The anticancer ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 can be obtained from Rc and Rb1 under thermal processes [11,17] .…”

Section: Contents Of Gs In P Quinquefoliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Chen¹,

Chiou²,

Zhang

2008

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

227

137

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Medical application of Panax ginseng was first found in "Shen-Nong Herbal Classic" around 200 AD Panax quinquefolium was first introduced in "Essential of Materia Medica" in 1694 in China. The most important bioactive components contained in P ginseng and P quinquefolium are ginseng saponins (GS). The contents of ginsenoside Rb1, Re, and Rd in P quinquefolium are higher than they are in P ginseng. In P ginseng, the contents of Rg1,Rb2, and Rc are higher than they are in P quinquefolium. P ginseng had a higher ratio of Rg1: Rb1, and which was lower in P quinquefolium. After steaming for several hours, the total GS will decrease. However, some ginsenosides (Rg2, 20R-Rg2, Rg3, Rh1 and Rh2) increase, while others (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) decrease. However, variation, especially in P quinquefolium, is high. P ginseng and P quinquefolium are general tonics and adaptogens. Rg1 and Rb1 enhance central nervous system (CNS) activities, but the effect of the latter is weaker. Thus, for the higher contents of Rg1, P ginseng is a stimulant, whereas the Rb1 contents of P quinquefolium are mainly calming to the CNS. Re, Rg1, panaxan A and B from P ginseng are good for diabetes. Re and Rg1 enhance angiogenesis, whereas Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2 inhibit it. Rh2, an antitumor agent, can be obtained from Rb1 by steaming. The content of Re in P quinquefolium are higher than in P ginseng by 3-4 times. The vasorelax, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic effects of Re are reported. Thus, for the CNS "hot," wound healing and hypoglycemic effects, P ginseng is better than P quinquefolium. For anticancer effects, P quinquefolium is better.

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] The majority of these compounds are protopanaxadiols (PPD) and protopanaxatriols (PPT), which are aglycones of dammaranetype triterpenes. 15) In PPDs, the sugar moieties are attached to the ring of the triterpene dammarane at the three-position (as in ginsenosides-Rg3, -Rd, -Rc, -Rb1, and -Rb2), while in PPTs, the sugar moieties are attached at the six-position (as in ginsenosides-Rg1, -Re, and -Rg2).…”

Section: 9)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Dammarane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Panax ginseng Root

Lee

Kim

et al. 2015

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Four phytochemical constituents were isolated from Panax ginseng root by repeated column chromatography (CC), medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC), and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as the dammarane-type triterpene saponins ginsenoside-Rg18 (1), 6-acetyl ginsenoside-Rg3 (2), ginsenoside-Rs11 (3), and ginsenoside-Re7 (4) based on spectral data. Compounds 1-4 from P. ginseng root were new compounds from nature. They showed good hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, they did not show any anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, they inhibited the growth of adenocarcinoma gastric stomach cells. Among them, ginsenoside-Rs11 (3) showed the best anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer activities.

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Generation of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 from North American ginseng

Cited by 93 publications

References 16 publications

20(<i>S</i>)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Reh Cells through Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways

20(<i>S</i>)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Reh Cells through Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Novel Dammarane-Type Triterpene Saponins from <i>Panax ginseng</i> Root

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