Generation of germ-free common marmosets

Inoue, Takashi; Okahara, Norio; Okahashi, Nobuyuki; Sato, Kenya; Ueda, Masahiro; Atarashi, Koji; Isayama, Jun; Aoto, Yoshimasa; Kawashima, Yusuke; Lee, Chia‐Ying; Ueno, Masaki; Nozu, Ryoko; Kurotaki, Yoko; Mineshige, Takayuki; Yurimoto, Terumi; Itaya, Kaori; Tanoue, Takeshi; Nakahata, Tatsutoshi; Shiota, Atsushi; Arita, Makoto; Honda, Kenya; Sasaki, Erika

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-428622/v1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…The common marmoset is a small New World primate that is considered a useful model in preclinical studies due to its common physiological and anatomical characteristics with those of humans ( 13 ). In addition, the common marmoset is the only nonhuman primate in which germfree conditions have been successfully produced, and it has the potential to expand the scope of intestinal microbiome studies ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraintestinal Analysis of the Functional Activity of Microbiomes and Its Application to the Common Marmoset Intestine

et al. 2022

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We developed an analysis method that integrates metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from multiple intestinal sites to elucidate how microbial function varies along the intestinal tract. This method enables spatial covariation analysis of the functional activity of microbiomes and accurate identification of gene expression changes among intestinal sites, including changes in the expression of unknown bacterial genes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraintestinal Analysis of the Functional Activity of Microbiomes and Its Application to the Common Marmoset Intestine

et al. 2022

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Decoding host-microbiome interactions through co-expression network analysis within the non-human primate intestine

Uehara,

Inoue,

Hase

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The gut microbiome affects the health status of the host through complex interactions with the host's intestinal wall. These host-microbiome interactions spatially vary along the physical and chemical environment of the intestine, but these changes remain unknown. This study investigated these intricate relationships through a gene co-expression network analysis based on dual transcriptome profiling of different intestinal sites (cecum, transverse colon, rectum) of the primate common marmoset. We proposed a gene module extraction algorithm based on graph theory to find tightly interacting gene modules of the host and the microbiome from a vast co-expression network. The 27 gene modules identified by this method, which include both host and microbiome genes, not only produced results consistent with previous studies regarding the host-microbiome relationships, but also provided new insights into microbiome genes acting as potential mediators in host-microbiome interplays. Specifically, we discovered associations between the host gene FBP1, a cancer marker, and polysaccharide degradation-related genes (pfkA, fucI) coded by Bacteroides vulgatus, as well as relationships between host genes CD19, CD22, CD79B, PTPN6 involved in B-cell immune responses and a tryptophan synthesis gene (trpB) coded by Parabacteroides distasonis. Furthermore, our proposed module extraction algorithm surpassed existing approaches by successfully defining more functionally related gene modules, providing insights for understanding the complex relationship between the host and the microbiome.

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Development of a non-invasive novel individual marmoset holder for evaluation by awake functional magnetic resonance brain imaging

Seki,

Yurimoto,

Kamioka

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundAlthough functional MRI (fMRI) in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) is fascinating for functional brain mapping and evaluation of brain disease models, it is difficult to launch awake fMRI on scanners with less than 15 cm of bore size. A universal marmoset holder for the small-bore size MRI was designed, and evaluated whether this holder could conduct auditory stimulation fMRI in the awake state.New MethodThe marmoset holder was designed with an outer diameter of 71.9 mm. A holder was designed to allow adjustment according to the individual head shape, enabling to use the holder universally. An awake fMRI study of auditory response was conducted to evaluate the practicality of the new holder. Whole-brain activation was investigated when marmosets heard the marmoset social communication “phee call,” an artificial tone sound, music (bossa nova), and reversed of those.ResultsThe prefrontal cortex was significantly activated in response to phee calls, whereas only the auditory cortex was activated in response to pure tones. In response to bossa nova, the marmoset’s visual and auditory cortices were activated. In contrast, the auditory response was decreased when marmosets heard phee calls and bossa nova music played backward. Their stimulus-specific responses indicated they perceived and differentiated sound characteristics in the fMRI environment.Comparison with Existing MethodsA holder does not require surgical intervention or custom-made helmet to minimize head movement in small space.ConclusionOur newly developed holder made it possible to perform longitudinal fMRI experiments on multiple marmosets in a less invasive manner.HighlightWe designed a universal marmoset holder for the optimization of small-bore size MRI. We aimed to evaluate whether the data acquired by fMRI with this holder indicated that awake marmosets were likely to recognize sounds during fMRI and whether the brain activity shown as fMRI signals reflected the characteristics of each sound.After the acclimatization of the marmosets to the holder, an awake fMRI study was conducted to evaluate the practicality of the new holder and successfully acquired the auditory responses to the set of sound stimuli.Our newly developed holder does not require surgical intervention to minimize head movement, which allows for less invasive fMRI experiments and makes it easier to conduct longitudinal fMRI for multiple marmosets.

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Generation of germ-free common marmosets

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Intraintestinal Analysis of the Functional Activity of Microbiomes and Its Application to the Common Marmoset Intestine

Intraintestinal Analysis of the Functional Activity of Microbiomes and Its Application to the Common Marmoset Intestine

Decoding host-microbiome interactions through co-expression network analysis within the non-human primate intestine

Development of a non-invasive novel individual marmoset holder for evaluation by awake functional magnetic resonance brain imaging

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